Hubungan ketahanan pangan dan perilaku ibu dengan status gizi anak baduta pada musim kemarau panjang di Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

SAMBRIONG, Maria, Prof. dr. M. Jufrie, Sp.AK.,Ph.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Perubahan iklim dan krisis finansial global yang kini terjadi menyebabkan masa depan ketahanan pangan global menjadi lebih rawan. Pola curah hujan yang berubah akan mengurangi ketersediaan air untuk irigasi dan sumber air bersih. Kemarau panjang dan banjir akan menyebabkan gagal panen yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap sumber penghidupan para petani. Di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, kemarau panjang diikuti oleh gagalnya panen sudah menimbulkan akibat yang parah di mana kasus gizi akut tersebar di berbagai daerah di seluruh wilayah propinsi ini. Di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, kasus gizi kurang dan gizi buruk sebanyak 17.155 balita. Di Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan, gizi buruk sebanyak 39 balita. Penyebabnya adalah kurang persediaan pangan dan perhatian orang tua terhadap pola asuh makan anak. Selain itu kurangnya pendidikan, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan masyarakat khususnya kaum ibu dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam di sekitarnya. Tujuan Penelitian : Menganalisis hubungan antara ketahanan pangan keluarga dan perilaku ibu dengan status gizi anak baduta usia 6-24 bulan pada musim kemarau panjang di Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan Kabupaten TTS. Metode : Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan Kabupaten TTS Propinsi NTT pada periode saat musim kemarau panjang. Subjek penelitian adalah anak baduta usia 6-24 bulan dengan ibu sebagai responden. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik stratified random sampling yaitu membagi populasi sasaran dalam 3 strata menurut karakteristik area geografis (pesisir pantai, dataran rendah dan pegunungan). Jumlah sampel sebanyak 200 orang. Status gizi diolah dengan menggunakan program komputer WHO Anthro 2005. Indeks berat badan terhadap umur (BB/U) dibandingkan dengan baku standar WHO 2005. Konsumsi energi dan protein berdasarkan hasil recall 2x24 jam, diolah dengan progran Nutrisurvey. Analisis data melalui program komputer dengan uji Chi square. Hasil Penelitian : Ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi dan protein dengan status gizi anak baduta, tidak berhubungan bermakna (p>0,05). Perilaku ibu dalam merawat dan memberi makan anak dengan status gizi anak baduta, tidak berhubungan bermakna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi dan protein tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi anak baduta di Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan. Perilaku ibu dalam merawat dan memberi makan anak baduta tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi anak baduta di Kecamatan amanuban Selatan.

Background: Climate change and the global financial crisis that is now happening cause future global food security becomes more vulnerable. Changing rainfall patterns will reduce the availability of water for irrigation and water resources. Droughts and floods will cause crop failures that affect the livelihood of farmers. At the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur, long dry season followed by unsuccessful harvest bring severe consequences whereby acute nutrition cases happen in all areas of the province. At District of Timor Tengah Selatan cases of undernourishment and malnutrition happen to 17,155 underfives. At Subdistrict of Amanuban Selatan cases of malnutrition happen to 39 underfives. The reason is the lack of food supplies and parental supervision of food parenting children. In addition, lack of education, knowledge and skills of the people especially the mothers in the use of natural resources around them. Objective: To analyze association between family food tenacity and mothers' behavior and nutrition status of children under two years (6-24 months) during long dry season at Subdistrict of Amanuban Selatan District of Timor Tengah Selatan. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design carried out at Subdistrict of Amanuban Selatan District of Timor Tengah Selatan Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur. Population of the study were families having children of 6-24 months old and the subject were children of 6-24 months old. Sampling used stratified random sampling technique by dividing the target population in 3 strata based on characteristics of geographical area (sea shore, low and high regions), then within each stratum samples were randomly taken to obtain the number of samples needed (as many as 200 people). Nutrition status was processed using WHO Anthro 2005 computer program. Index of weight/age was compared with the standard of WHO 2005. Consumption of energy and protein was based on the result of recall 2x24 hours, processed using Nutrisurvey program. Data analysis used chi square test. Result : The result showed that was no relationship between family food tenacity based on level of energy and protein consumption with nutrition status of children under two years (p>0,05). There was also no relationship between mothers' behavior in minding and feeding children with nutrition status of children under two years (p>0,05). Conclusion : There was no significant relationship between family food tenacity based on level of energy and protein consumtion with nutrition status of children under two years. Mothers’ behavior in minding and feeding children had no significant association with nutrition status of children under two years.

Kata Kunci : Ketahanan pangan, Perilaku ibu, Status gizi, Anak di bawah dua tahun