Implementasi kebijakan program bantuan operasional sekolah (BOS) di Kota Jayapura Papua

KAIWAY, Yogi Andrix, Prof. Dr. Warsito Utomo

2010 | Tesis | S2 Magister Administrasi Publik

Salah satu kebijakan program pemerintah dalam bidang pendidikan adalah Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) yang memberikan bantuan dana pada sekolah dengan tujuan membebaskan biaya pendidikan bagi siswa yang tidak mampu dan meringankan beban bagi siswa yang lain dalam rangka mendukung pencapaian Program Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar 9 Tahun. Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Program Dana BOS di Papua dapat dikatakan belum menyentuh sasaran kebijakan BOS. Anggaran yang telah diberikan pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah propinsi belum terserap seluruhnya, alokasi anggaran tidak sesuai peruntukan, dan masih ada pungutan biaya yang dibebankan pihak sekolah kepada orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa yang menyebabkan belum sesuainya pelaksanaan Program Dana BOS di Kota Jayapura dengan tujuan kebijakan dan mengetahui faktor-faktor kelemahan serta kendala bagi pencapaian tujuan pelaksanaan Program Dana BOS. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan rancangan penelitian studi kasus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Jayapura sebagai subjek penelitian Pemerintah Kota Jayapura, Dinas Pendidikan Kota Jayapura, dan beberapa sekolah penerima dana BOS di Jayapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan program BOS di Kota Jayapura Papua masih belum sesuai tujuan dan SOP program karena beberapa hal antara lain pada tahap pembentukan organisasi, pelaksana program BOS khususnya di tingkat sekolah sebagian didominasi kepala sekolah; sosialisasi program lemah karena terbatasnya waktu sosialisasi, tidak diikuti follow up program serta tidak disediakannya pedoman pelaksanaan program; alokasi dana program BOS yang telah ditetapkan dinilai tidak sesuai jika diterapkan di Kota Jayapura karena tingkat kemahalan harga yang jauh tinggi dibanding kota-kota lain di Indonesia; pada tahap penyaluran dana ditemukan sekolah-sekolah yang menggunakan rekening kepala sekolah, bukan rekening sekolah; pada tahap penyerapan dana ditemukan penyerapan dana BOS belum optimal, hal ini disebabkan lemahnya kapasitas SDM dalam mengelola dana; pada tahap evaluasi.ditemukan peruntukan anggaran yang tidak sesuai dengan SOP dan usulan yang telah diajukan. Adapun faktor-faktor pendukung implementasi kebijakan program BOS di Kota Jayapura adalah tingkat homogenitas sasaran program BOS yakni siswa sekolah tingkat SD dan SLTP dan apresiasi positif dari orang tua dan sekolah terhadap program BOS. Selain itu juga dukungan yang diberikan masyarakat sebagai penerima program dan pemerintah sebagai penyelenggara program. Sementara faktor-faktor kendala pelaksanaan program BOS di Kota Jayapura adalah lemahnya komunikasi antara organisasi pelaksana, keterbatasan SDM dan anggaran; lemahnya komitmen pelaksanaan program BOS dan belum dilaksanakannya program BOS sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam pedoman pelaksanaan program (SOP) .

One of the government program policy in education sector is the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) that provide fund assistance to schools aimed to make free the educational expense for the poor student and relieve burden to another student in achieving the Study Obligation Program of Nine Year Basic Education. Implementation of Program Policy of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) in Jayapura City, Papua can be said have not achieve the policy goal of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS). The budget given by Central Government to Province have not fully absorbed, budget allocation did not appropriate with allotment, and there is still expense collection to student’s parent. This research aim to find out what cause implementation of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) Program in Jayapura City did not appropriate with policy goal and to understand the weakness and constraint for goal achievement in implementation of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) program. This research is qualitative descriptive with case study research design. The research was implemented in Jayapura City, while the research subject are the government of Jayapura City, Education Department of Jayapura City, and the schools that receive the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) fund in Jayapura. The result show that implementation of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) policy program in Jayapura City, Papua has not consistent with the objective and Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) because of several things among other in the organization formation stage, implementation of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) program, especially in the school level was dominated partly by the head master, program socialization is weak, since the limitedness of socialization time, there is no follow up to the program and no preparation of the program implementation guideline; fund allocation of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) program did not appropriate when implemented in Jayapura City because of the price exspensiveness level that most highest than another city in Indosesia; on the stage of fund distribution there is found the schools using the principal account, not schools account; on stage of fund absorption there is found not optimal, since the weak of human resources capacity to manage the fund; on stage of evaluation atage there is found the fund allotment did not consistent with the standard Operational Procedure (SOP) and the suggestion proposed. The supporting factors on implementation of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) policy program in Jayapura City is the homogeneity level of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) program goal, that is students at the Elementary School and Secondary School and positive appreciation from parent and schools to the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) program. In addition there is support given by community as the recipient of program and government as the implementor of program. While the constraint factors on implementation of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) policy program in Jayapura City is the weak of communication among implementer organization, the limitedness of human resources and budget; the weak of commitment on implementation of the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) program and has not been implemented the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) program in agree with determination regulated in the the standard Operational Procedure (SOP).

Kata Kunci : Implementasi,Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS),SDM,Komunikasi,Koordinasi, Implementation, the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS), Human Resources, Communication, Coiordination