Produksi pupuk organik cair dari vinasse dan air lindi dengan proses fermentasi secara batch

NURHAYATI, Siti, Dr. Ir. Sarto, M.Sc

2010 | Tesis |

Vinasse dan air lindi merupakan limbah dengan kandungan bahan organik yang tinggi sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan dasar pupuk organik cair. Produksi pupuk organik cair dari vinasse dan air lindi dapat dilakukan dengan proses fermentasi secara batch. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektifitas dan efisiensi produksi pupuk organik cair dari vinasse dan air lindi dengan proses fermentasi secara batch, baik pada skala laboratorium maupun dalam fermentor berkapasitas 10 L, serta mengevaluasi kelayakan usaha pendirian pabrik pupuk organik cair dari vinasse dan air lindi dengan kapasitas produksi 700 L/hari. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam empat tahap. Tahap pertama karakterisasi bahan dasar pupuk (vinasse dan air lindi) dengan cara menguji nilai viskositas, bobot jenis, nilai pH, dan kandungan nitrogen. Tahap kedua menentukan kondisi optimum proses fermentasi yang berupa kondisi pH, suhu, dan pengenceran menggunakan rancangan eksperimen Response Surface Method (RSM). Tahap ketiga scale up produksi pupuk organik cair berdasarkan volume dan menggunakan fermentor kapasitas 10 L. Evaluasi scale up produksi didasarkan pada kandungan N tersedia (NO3 -) dari pupuk yang dihasilkan. Tahap keempat melakukan evaluasi ekonomi pendirian pabrik pupuk organik cair dari vinasse dan air lindi dengan kapasitas produksi 700 L/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan N tersedia (NO3 -) dari pupuk yang dihasilkan bergantung pada pH, suhu, dan pengenceran serta interaksinya. Berdasarkan hasil análisis menggunakan Response Surface Method (RSM), didapatkan nilai pH 3,2, suhu 32oC, dan pengenceran 2 kali sebagai kondisi optimum untuk proses fermentasi yang diindikasikan dengan meningkatnya kandungan N tersedia (NO3 -) selama proses fermentasi. Scale up produksi berdasarkan volume dan scale up menggunakan fermentor berkapasitas 10 L menunjukkan bahwa proses fermentasi menghasilkan pupuk organik cair dengan karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan biologi yang memenuhi standar persyaratan teknis minimal pupuk organik cair sehingga pupuk organik cair ini layak untuk diaplikasikan. Berdasarkan perbandingan hasil scale up berdasarkan volume dan scale up menggunakan fermentor kapasitas 10 L didapatkan efisiensi penggunaan fermentor sebesar 163%. Evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa pendirian pabrik pupuk organik cair berkapasitas produksi 700 L/hari secara ekonomi menguntungkan dan layak didirikan.

Vinasse and leachate are waste wáter with high content of organic compounds, so that waste are potensial as liquid organic fertilizer’s raw materials. The production of liquid organic fertilizer from vinasse and leachate could be done with batch fermentation process. The aims of the study were to evaluate effectivity and efficiency of liquid organic fertilizer production with batch fermentation process, both in laboratory and 10 L capacity fermentor scales, also evaluate the feasibility of liquid organic fertilizer manufacturing with 700 L/day production capacity. The experiment was carried out in four stages. First stage characterized viscosity, spesific gravity, pH value, and nitrogen content of vinasse and leachate as raw materials. Second stage optimized batch fermentation process condition which were consisted of pH, temperature, and dilution using Response Surface Method (RSM) experiment design. Third stage was production scale up based on volume and using fermentor with 10 L capacity. The production scale up evaluation was based on available N (NO3 -) content in liquid organic fertilizer that produced by fermentation process. Fourth stage was evaluation of the feasibility of liquid organic fertilizer manufacturing with 700 L/day production capacity. The results showed that the available N (NO3 -) content were depended on the pH, temperature, and dilution factors and their interactions. Using Response Surface Method (RSM) design of experiment, it was found that pH 3,2. temperature 32oC, and dilution of 2 times as the optimum condition for fermentation process which was indicated by the increasing of available N (NO3 -) content during fermentation. Production scale up based on volume and scale up using fermentor 10 L capacity showed that fermentation process produced liquid organic fertilizer with physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that were in the quality standard range of liquid organic fertilizer. Its meant that this liquid organic fertilizer was feasible to be applied. Based on the characteristics of the liquid organic fertilizer comparation between laboratory and fermentor production scale up, the fermentor that used have 163% efficiency. Economic evaluation indicated that the manufacturing of liquid organic fertilizer with 700 L/day production capacity was profitable and feasible to be establized.

Kata Kunci : Vinasse,Air lindi,Pupuk organik cair,Scale up produksi,Evaluasi ekonomi, vinasse, leachate, liquid organic fertilizer, production scale up, economic evaluation