Karakteristik tata ruang dalam bangunan stasiun kereta api di jalur Semarang - Vorstenlanden periode 1864-1930

SULISTYANI, Harmilyanti, Ir. Ikaputra, M.Eng., Ph.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur

Perkeretaapian di wilayah Semarang-Vorstenlanden merupakan jalur kereta api yang didirikan pertama kali di Indonesia. Bangunan stasiun di wilayah Vorstenladen memiliki keunikan karena nilai historisnya. Beberapa perusahaan tercatat hadir di jalur tersebut dengan tujuan dan pelayanan komoditi yang berbeda. Heterogenitas latar perusahaan menyebabkan perbedaan fungsi stasiun sehingga tata ruang dalam yang dikembangkan memiliki perbedaan ciri khas. Perbedaan kepentingan perusahaan KA penggunaan jalur merupakan penyebab keunikan yang dimiliki oleh stasiun kereta api di jalur ini. Paradigma rasionalistik digunakan dengan dasar pemikiran tentang adanya perbedaan aktivitas dan komoditi karena perusahaan pengelola berbeda. Teori tentang karakteristik arsitektur dan tata ruang dalam bangunan digunakan untuk menjaring data di lapangan. Konsep karakteristik tata ruang dalam bangunan stasiun dibangun dari eksplanasi karakter formal dengan heterogenitas latar stasiun. Dominasi karakteristik pulau di jalur Semarang-Vorstenlanden ada karena upaya monopoli perusahaan swasta. Tata ruang dalam stasiun perusahaan swasta dikembangkan untuk menguasai pasar. Upaya untuk mendapatkan pasar termanifestasi dengan tata ruang dalam yang memisahan kelas sosial dan keterbukaan. Pemisahan kelas sosial dimaksudkan untuk memberikan pelayanan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masing-masing kelas. Kelas 1 dan kelas 2 disediakan untuk mendapatkan pasar utama yaitu angkutan produksi perkebunan dan industri gula dari Vorstenlanden. Kelas 3 disediakan untuk mobilitas tenaga kerja guna mendukung keberlangsungan perkebunan dan industri gula. Keterbukaan tata ruang dalam terujud dengan karakteristik pulau karena konfigurasi ini menyediakan kemudahan akses dan fleksibilitas. Karakteristik pulau memiliki nilai ekonomi pada saat pembangunan dan operasionalnya, sehingga mendukung upaya penguasaan pasar.

The railway affairs of Semarang-Vorstenlanden district is the railway track which was first built in Indonesia. The railway stations in Semarang- Vorstenlanden district have unique characteristics because of their historical values. Several companies were recorded taking parts in the track for different purposes and different commodity service. The heterogeneity of those companies’ backgrounds caused the different functions of the railway stations and thus affecting the different interior design creating a typical characteristic of each station. The different interests of railway companies using this track were the cause of the unique characteristics possessed by the railway stations along this track. Rationalistic paradigm is used with the basic thinking on the differences of the activities and commodities due to the different managing companies. Theories on the characteristics of architecture and interior design are used to collect field data. The concept of the characteristic of interior designs of railway stations is developed based on the explanation of the formal character and the heterogeneity of the railway station’s background. The domination of island characteristic along Semarang-Vorstenlanden track existed because of the monopoly efforts by the private companies. The interior design of a private station company was developed to dominate the market. The efforts to get the market was manifested by the interior design which separated the social classes and the openness. The social classes separation was meant to give service based on the need of every class. The first class and second class were provided to get the main market which was plantation production and sugar industry transport from Vorstenlanden. The third class was for labour mobility to support the persistence of the plantation and sugar industry. The interior openness was materialised by the island characteristic because this configu-ration provided the access and flexibility facilities. The island characteristic had the economic value of the time of the construction and operation so that it supported the efforts to dominate the market.

Kata Kunci : Karakteristik,Tata ruang dalam,Stasiun kereta api,Vorstenlanden