Pengaruh pemberian kompos gulma siam (Chromolaena odorata) terhadap populasi artropoda pada tanaman cabai

APRILIYANTO, Eko, Dr.Ir. Nugroho Susetya Putra, M.Si

2010 | Tesis |

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi kompos gulma siam (Chromolaena odorata) terhadap perbaikan performa tanaman dan pengaruhnya terhadap artropoda yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman cabai. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Oktober 2009 hingga Maret 2010 di Kebun Percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian UGM, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu, kompos gulma siam 40 ton ha-1 (G), pupuk kandang sapi 40 ton ha-1 (S), pupuk NPK (N) (Urea N 46 % 40 kg/1000 m2, SP 36 20 kg/1000 m2, dan KCl 20 kg/1000 m2), dan tanpa pupuk sebagai kontrol (K) yang diulang 6 kali. Pengamatan populasi artropoda dilakukan dengan interval 1 minggu. Sampel tanaman yang diamati yaitu 2 tanaman tiap perlakuan. Performa tanaman yang diamati yaitu jumlah buah, bobot basah buah, bobot kering buah, bobot basah tanaman, dan bobot kering tanaman. Kadar N daun dianalisis pada tanaman fase vegetatif dan generatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan kompos gulma siam dosis apabila dibandingkan dengan penggunaan pupuk NPK dan pupuk kotoran sapi, memperlihatkan bahwa pemberian kompos gulma siam tidak mendatangkan herbivora yang menimbulkan kerusakan pada tanaman yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai tertinggi bobot kering buah dan bobot kering tanaman. Dengan demikian, populasi karnivora dapat menekan populasi herbivora, selain itu diduga tanaman juga memiliki pertahanan kimia berupa senyawa metabolit sekunder untuk menolak atau menekan populasi herbivora tertentu.

This research aimed at knowing the potentials of composed siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) for enhancement of crops performance and its effect to arthropods associated to chili crops. The research was carried out at the experimental plantation of Agriculture Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta from Oktober 2009 up to Maret 2010. This research used Randomize Complete Block Design used with 4 treatments, i.e., composed siam weed 40 ha-1 (G), dunk manure of cow 40 ha-1 (S), NPK (N) (Urea N 46% 40 kg/1000 m2, SP 36 20 kg/1000 m2, and KCL 20 kg/1000 m2), and without fertilizer as control (K) were 4 treatmens to repeated 6 time. Observation of arthropods population was taken with interval of 1 week. Crops samples observed were consisted of 2 plants per treatment. Crops performances observed were fruit number, fresh weight and dry weight of fruit, fresh weight and dry weight of crops. Totals N-leaf was analyzed on vegetative and generative phases of the crops. The result of research indicated that application of composed siam weed enhanced crops performances compared to control, but it have no significant difference compared to NPK and dunk manure of cow. Composed siam weed can not increased damage of herbivores if compared with other treatment, it’s indicated that highest of weigh of fruits and weight of crops. So that karnivores population can decrease herbivores population, then application of composed siam weed content secondary compound in chili crops wich it is repellent or to decrease specific herbivores.

Kata Kunci : Antropoda,Populasi,Gulma siam,Cabai