Evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan penerapan prinsip-prinsip dasar hutan kemasyarakatan di Kabupaten Kulon Progo

ANDRIYANTO, Edy, Prof.Dr.Ir. San Afri Awang, MSc

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) merupakan salah satu kebijakan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah berkaitan dengan konsep Community Based Forest Management (CBFM). Kebijaksanaan HKm pada hakekatnya adalah penyerahan kewenangan seluas-luasnya kepada masyarakat setempat dalam mengelola kawasan hutan negara untuk menjamin integritas ekosistem hutan, pencapaian kesejahteraan rakyat, keadilan sosial, pengembangan demokrasi, peningkatan akuntabilitas publik, dan kepastian hukum. Masyarakat di Kulon Progo telah melakukan kegiatan pengelolaan hutan melalui program HKm sejak tahun 2001. Namun apakah pelaksanaan program HKm di Kulon Progo sudah menerapkan prinsip-prinsip dasar HKm sesuai SK Menhut 31/Menhut- II/2001. Untuk Itu dalam penelitian ini bermaksud mengevaluasi pelaksanaan prinsip-prinsip dasar HKm mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dan menemukan solusi dalam penerapan pelaksanaan prinsip-prinsip dasar Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian evaluasi yang menggunakan metode survey. Metode survey dimaksudkan untuk tujuan deskriptif yang sasarannya adalah masyarakat pengelola HKm yang tergabung dalam Kelompok Tani Hutan Kemasyarakatan (KTHKm) di tiga desa yakni Desa Hargowilis, Hargorejo dan Sendangsari Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Masing-masing kelompok tani tersebut dipilih secara acak, terseleksi 30 petani sebagai responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara survey, pengamatan dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk mendapatkan gambaran dan informasi pelaksanaan prinsip dasar HKm berdasar variable dan indicator yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan penerapan prinsip dasar HKm menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan HKm di Kabupaten Kulon Progo belum sepenuhnya berdasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip dasar HKm sesuai SK. Menhut No. 31/ Menhut-II/2001. Dari ke-10 (sepuluh) prinsip dasar HKm tersebut, dalam penyelenggaraan HKm di KUlon Progo baru diterapkan 6 (enam) prinsip dasar antara lain : masyarakat sebagai pelaku utama, pemerintah sebagai fasilitator, pendekatan kelembagaan, pemberdayaan masyarakat, proses belajar bersama, dan pembagian hak dan kewajiban yang jelas antara masyarakat dan pemerintah. sementara masih ada 4 (empat) prinsip dasar HKm yang belum diterapkan dengan baik di Kulon Progo antara lain : perencanaan partisipatif, pembagian managemen yang berkeadilan, keterbukaan dan bertanggung gugat dan system dan prosedur yang flexible. Dari sisi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peleksanaan penerapan prinsip dasar HKm di Kulon Progo ditemukan ada 3 (tiga) faktor yakni : komitmen organisasi pelaksana (pemerintah, masyarakat dan LSM), faktor lingkungan sosial dan budaya masyarakat dan kapasitas masyarakat. Kemudian untuk mengatasi kendala dalam penerapan prinsip dasar HKm yang belum terlaksana, diberikan solusi antara lain : desentralisasi harus diikuti dengan devolusi dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan, menerapkan peraturan yang tegas, adil dan konsisten, Mengefektifkan masyarakat dalam perencanaan dan pengendalian internal dan melakukan reformasi birokrasi dari yang berorientasi verikal ke horizontal yang lebih berorientasi pada kepentingan publik

Community forest is a policy on forestry resource management that released by government related to CBFM concept. The policy of community forest by definition is commissioned of national forestry area to local community in managing the area to ensure forest ecosystem integrity, gaining community wealthy, social fairness, democracy development, improved public accountability, and law enforcement. The community of Kulonprogo has conducted the forest management activities by community forest program since 2001. However, it is still questioned whether the KHm program at Kulonprogo has implemented basic principle of community forest according to SK Menhut 31/Menhut- II/2001. Hence, this study was aimed for evaluating the principles of KHm, identifying the factors which influencing those basic principles of the community forest at Kulonprogo regency, and finding for solution that suggested in the basic principles of the community forest This study was an evaluation research using survey method. Survey method was aimed for descriptive purpose which targeting on manager of the community in their community forest those grouped into farmer’s group of community forest at three villages, that were Hargiwilis, Hargorejo and Sendangsari villages of Kulonprogo regency. Each of these farmers’s group was chosen by simple randomly, that yielded 30 selected respondents. The data collection was conducted by survey method, observation, and in-depth interview. The data analysis was conducted descriptively to yield information and description on implementation of basic principles of community forest based of the variables and indicators. Based of the evaluation toward implementation of basic principles of the community forest, it was determined that community forest management at Kulonprogo regency was hot fully appropriately conducted as stated in SK Menhut 31/Menhut-II/2001. From the ten (10) basic principles of the community forest, it was founded the implementation of community forest at Kulonprogo had been stated 6 ( six) basic principles such as : the community as main actor, the government as facilitator, institutional approach, public empowerment, process of sharing knowledge, and clearly right and obligation sharing between the community and the government. While, it remained 4 (four) basic principles of HKm which not appropriately implemented at Kulonprogo, such as: participative planning, equally fairness of management sharing, a system fairness and responsibility system and flexible procedure. From the factors that influencing the implementation of basic principles of community forest at Kulonprogo, it was founded 3 (three) factors that were: the commitment of executor of organizational executors (the government, the community, and non-governmental organization), capacity of the farmer community of community forest, environmental and socio-cultural factor of the community. then, in coping of the obstacles on implementation of the basic principles of community forest that had been not conducted yet, it gave solution such as: the decentralization should be followed by evaluation in management of the forest resource, implementing of strict and consistently regulations, empowering effective community into internal planning and control and conducting bureaucracy reforms that oriented from vertical to horizontal directions by prioritizing public interest

Kata Kunci : Hutan kemasyarakatan,Prinsip,prinsip dasar HKm,Evaluasi,Variabel dan Indikator