Kajian terhadap pelaksanaan sistem pertanian terpadu di wilayah pesisir pantai selatan Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah

ROKHMAH, Dewi Nur, Prof. Dr. Ir. Djoko Prajitno, M.Sc

2010 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Wilayah pesisir pantai Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah yang cukup luas merupakan potensi bagi pengembangan sektor pertanian. Namun lahan pasir pantai mempunyai sifat fisik dan khemis tanah kurang menguntungkan bagi pertumbuhan tanaman, sehingga perlu diupayakan perbaikan kesuburan tanah. Upaya memperbaiki kesuburan tanah di lahan pasir pantai akan membutuhkan dana yang besar karena masukan bahan organik dan hara harus dalam jumlah banyak. Penggunaan limbah pertanian dan peternakan yang dimiliki petani untuk dijadikan bahan organik akan memperkecil biaya peningkatan kesuburan lahan pasir pantai. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2009 sampai dengan bulan Januari 2010. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah pesisir pantai kabupaten Kulonprogo dengan sampel kecamatan Panjatan yaitu di desa Garongan, Pleret, Bugel, dan kecamatan Temon yaitu di desa Jangkaran, Palihan dan Glagah serta di pesisir pantai selatan kabupaten Purworejo dengan sampel kecamatan Ngombol yaitu di desa Keburuhan, Malang, Pagak, dan kecamatan Grabag yaitu di desa Munggangsari, Ketawangrejo, Harjobinangun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survai budidaya pertanian dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode multistage random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanian di kawasan pesisir pantai Kulon Progo dan Purworejo sebagian besar merupakan pertanian terpadu antara tanaman dengan ternak. Pelaksanaan pertanian terpadu ada yang masih berupa pemanfaatan limbah tanaman untuk pakan ternak, pemanfaatan limbah ternak untuk pupuk tanaman dan kolam ikan, ada juga yang tingkat keterpaduannya kotoran ternak telah dimanfaatkan sebagai biogas dan limbahnya untuk pupuk tanaman. Nilai integrasi tanaman-ternak-ikan di pesisir pantai kabupaten Kulon Progo lebih tinggi daripada kabupaten Purworejo. Setiap jenis ternak yaitu ternak sapi, kambing, kerbau, unggas memiliki keunggulan masing-masing dalam pertanian terpadu, dan tanaman yang lebih menguntungkan dalam daur limbah pada pertanian terpadu adalah padi, kacang-kacangan, dan jagung karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak. Usahatani terpadu tanaman, peternakan, dan perikanan di pesisir pantai Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan Purworejo layak diusahakan karena karena nilai B/C rasio antara 2.24 – 5.01

The coastal area of Yogyakarta and Central Java are a potential area for the development of agriculture sector. Nevertheless, the sandy land has physical characteristic and it chemical structure which does not give benefit for the growth of plants so that it needs to make an upgrading for its fertilization. The attempt to upgrade its fertility of sandy land will need a big cost because it needs to support the soil by adding organic materials and soil nutrients in big number. The use of agriculture and veterinary sewages for organic materials which are owned by most farmers will reduce the cost of the upgrading for the fertility of the sandy land. The research was held on November 2009 to January 2010. The research located on the coastal area of Kulon Progo Regency which took the research sample area on Panjatan Sub district area, i.e. Garongan, Pleret, and Bugel villages; and on Temon Sub district area, i.e. Jangkaran, Palihan, Glagah villages. Besides, the research also located on the south beach of Purworejo Regency which took the research sample area on Ngombol Sub district, i.e. Keburuhan, Malang, Pagak villages; and on Grabag Sub district, i.e. Munggangsari, Ketawangrejo, Harjobinangun villages. The research method used cultivated agriculture survey. Furthermore, the method to collect the sample used multistage random sampling method. The research result showed that the agriculture sector in the coastal area at Kulon Progo and Purworejo were integrated farming between plantation and livestock. The implementation of this integrated farming was by using the plant sewages to feed the livestock, using the veterinary sewages as manure and for fish pond. Besides, the farmers used veterinary sewages to make biogas while its sewage also was used for manure. The integrated value of plant-livestock-fish at the coastal area of Kulon Progo was higher than Purworejo. Each livestock, such as cows, goats, bulls, birds had their special quality in the integrated farming. Plants which gave more benefit in the sewage cycle in this integrated farming were rice, beans and corn because they could be used to feed the livestock. The farm operation of plantation, veterinary, agriculture and fishery on the coastal area at Kulon Progo and Purworejo regencies were reasonable to effort because its value is at B/C ratio in between of 2.24-5.01.

Kata Kunci : Kawasan pesisir pantai,Pertanian terpadu,ntegrasi tanaman,ternak,ikan