Peran stakeholder pada pelaksanaan kegiatan desa siaga dalam penanggulangan kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Kecamatan Banguntapan Kabupaten Bantul

KOMAR, Samsul, Prof. Dr. dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, MSc

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Latar belakang masalah: Angka kesakitan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kabupaten Bantul dari tahun 2004 sampai dengan tahun 2009 masih jauh diatas standar nasional dan Provinsi D.I Yogyakarta. Perlu antisipasi dengan upaya sosialisasi PSN agar KLB tidak terjadi. KEPMENKES NO. 564/MENKES/SK/VIII/2006, sebuah desa dikatakan menjadi Desa Siaga apabila desa tersebut telah memiliki sekurang-kurangnya sebuah Pos Kesehatan Desa (PKD/Poskesdes). Bentuk pembinaan dengan menumbuhkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada setiap tatanan dalam masyarakat. Permasalahannya adalah apakah Lurah Desa, kader kesehatan, bidan desa dan tokoh masyarakat berperan pada pelaksanaan kegiatan Desa Siaga dalam penanggulangan kasus DBD di Kecamatan Banguntapan?. Tujuan penelitian: diketahuinya peran stakeholder yaitu lurah desa, kader kesehatan, bidan desa dan tokoh masyarakat pada pelaksanaan Desa Siaga dalam penanggulangan kasus DBD di Kecamatan Banguntapan. Metodologi penelitian: kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus, peneliti melakukan observasi dan wawancara terhadap stekeholder Hasil penelitian: peran lurah desa berupa dukungan (forkesda dan tim pelaksana program DB4MK plus TB), koordinasi (pertemuan rutin), pembinaan (MMD dan SMD). Peran kader kesehatan mengembangkan (jumantik mandiri), menyelenggarakan survelens berbasis masyarakat, psn dan fogging, serta penyuluhan (ceramah, tanya jawab dan diskusi). Peran bidan desa berupa yankes dasar (ibu, anak, gizi, penyakit menular), fasiliasi (meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat di bidang kesehatan), komitmen (desa sehat, peduli dan tanggap), monev (bumil, bayi, balita dan gizi buruk). Peran tokoh masyarakt menggali sumber daya (kegiatan kemasyarakatan), menaungi (kepentingan masyarakat ) dan membina (kesempatan untuk berkembang). Kesimpulan: Bentuk peran kepala desa adalah forum kesehatan desa, tim pelaksana DB4MK+TB, MMD dan SMD. Kader kesehatan adalah jumantik mandiri, surveilens berbasis masyarakat dan dialog masalah kesehatan dengan masyarakat. Bidan desa adalah ajakan untuk berperilaku hidup sehat, pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak serta penyakit menular. Tokoh masyarakat adalah memanfaatkan potensi masyarakat desa siaga, PSN dan meningkatkan kebersihan serta kesehatan lingkungan Saran: Stakeholder yang diteliti terus meningkatkan perannya. Stakeholder lain lebih mendukung secara terus menerus dan mengikat dalam bidang operasional/pelaksanaan dan dalam konseptual/keilmuan. Masyarakat terus mengikuti dan mendukung program DB4MK plus TB khususnya kasus DBD dengan PSN dan Jumantik mandiri. Peneliti selanjutnya meneliti keikutsertaan masyarakat dalam menanggulangi DBD sampai ke tingkat dusun.

Background: DHF morbidity rate at District of Bantul from 2004 to 2009 was still far above the national standard and provincial standard of Yogyakarta Special Territory. This needs to be anticipated through efforts in mosquito breeding place eradication socialization in order to prevent outbreaks. Decree of the Ministry of Health No. 564/MENKES/SK/VIII/2006 specifies Desa Siaga as a village that has had at least one Village Health Post. Supervision encourages hygienic and healthy behavior of the community. The problem is whether head of the village, health cadres, village midwives and leaders of the community play the role in the implementation of Desa Siaga activities to control DHF cases at Subdistrict of Banguntapan. Objective: To identify role of stakeholders, i.e. head of the village, health cadres, village midwives and leaders of the community in the implementation of Desa Siaga to control DHF cases at Subdistrict of Banguntapan. Method: The study was qualitative. The researcher observed and interviewed respondents to identify role of each stakeholder in the implementation of Desa Siaga to control the incidence of DHF. Result: Role of head the village included support (village health forum and team of four health problem and tuberculosis free zone program implementation), coordination (routine/periodic meeting), supervision (village community discussion and self-assessment survey). Role of health cadres included development (independent larvae monitoring), undertaking community-based surveillance, mosquito breeding nest eradication and fogging, and socialization (lecture, questions and answer, and discussion). Role of midwives included basic health service (mothers, children, nutrition, transmitted diseases), facilitator (improving capacity of the community in health), commitment (healthy village, caring and responsive) monitoring and evaluation (pregnant mothers, infants, underfives and malnutrition). Role of leaders of the community included exploring resources (public activities), accommodating (public interest) and supervision (opportunity to develop). Conclusion: Role of heads of the village included village health forum, managing team of four health problem free zone areas + tuberculosis, village community discussion and self assessment survey. Role of health cadres included independent larvae monitoring, community based-surveillance and dialog on health problem with the community. Role of village midwives included a call for healthy living, health service for mothers, children and infectious disease. Role of leaders of the community included utilizing potential of Desa Siaga community, mosquito breeding nest eradication and improving environmental health and hygiene. Suggestion: Stakeholders studied should improve their role. Other stakeholders should support continuously and were committed either in operational or conceptual aspect. Community should continuously participate in and support the program of four health agenda plus tuberculosis free zone areas particularly DHF cases with mosquito breeding nest eradication and independent larvae monitoring. Later researcher might study community participation in DHF prevention at lower level.

Kata Kunci : DBD,Desa siaga,Banguntapan,Stakeholder, DHF, Alert Village, stakeholders, Banguntapan