Deteksi dini anemia pada anak usia sekolah dasar dengan skala warna hemoglobin WHO

RUSMAWATININGTYAS, Desy, Prof. Dr. dr. Sutaryo, Sp.A(K)

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Klinik

Prevalensi anemia pada anak di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan karena Indonesia merupakan endemis penyakit infeksi parasit, malaria dan juga defisiensi besi. Diperlukan suatu alat deteksi yang sederhana, ekonomis dan praktis untuk mendeteksi dini terjadinya anemia pada anak. Deteksi dini memungkinkan intervensi dini sehingga proses tumbuh kembang anak tetap terjaga. World Health Organization merekomendasikan suatu skala warna hemoglobin yaitu Haemoglobin Colour Scale 2006 yang ekonomis dan sederhana untuk mendeteksi anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas Skala Warna Hemoglobin WHO 2006 untuk mendeteksi anemia pada anak. Rancangan penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik. Sejumlah sampel anak sehat diambil contoh darah kapiler dan darah vena. Contoh darah kapiler dibaca dengan Skala Warna Hemoglobin WHO 2006, sedangkan contoh darah dari vena dibaca dengan pemeriksaan lewat laboratorium. Kedua hasill kemudian dibandingkan. Sebanyak 294 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi serta mendapat informed consent diikutkan dalam penelitian ini. Didapatkan 15 (5.1%) sampel dengan kadar hemoglobin kurang dari nilai rujukan pada pemeriksaan menggunakan baku emas. Nilai sensitivitas, nilai spesifisitas, nilai duga positif dan nilai duga negatif dari skala warna hemoglobin WHO 2006 adalah 80%, 63%, 10,4% dan 98,3%. Skala Warna Hemoglobin WHO 2006 dapat dijadikan alat deteksi dini anemia pada anak, mengingat nilai sensitivitas mencapai 80%.

The high prevalence of anemic children in Indonesia is caused by the high incidence of parasitic infection of diseases caused by parasitic infections, such as malaria as well as iron deficiency in Indonesia. Early detection is needed for early intervention in order to allow optimal growth and development. A simple, economic, and practical tool for early detection of anemic children is needed. The WHO recommended a Hemoglobin Color Scale as a suitable tool for detection of anemia. The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity, spesificity, and predictive values of the WHO Hemoglobin Color Scale for early detection of anemic children. A cross sectional diagnostic test was conducted in the elementary school age children. Samples consisting of two drops of venous blood on paper were assessed by one observers (general practionair) using the WHO Hemoglobin Color Scale 2006 to visually determine the level of hemoglobin. In addition, the hemoglobin level was also measured using a Hematology analyzer to allow the visual test results to be compared to the result obtained using the gold standard of analysis. 294 subject included in this study. Hemoglobin level < 11.5 g/dL were detected in 15 of 294 (5,1%) elementary school children. The sensitivity, spesificity, positive and negative predictive values when using the Hemoglobin Color Scale 2006 were 80%, 63%, 10,4% and 98,3% respectively. The WHO Hemoglobin Color Scale 2006 could be used as an early detection method for anemia in children due to the high sensitivity.

Kata Kunci : Deteksi dini,Anemia pada anak,Skala warna hemoglobin WHO