Status vitamin A dan seng berdasarkan durasi pemberian ASi pada anak gizi kurang

PANUNGGAL, Binar, Prof. dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.,Sc.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang : Defisiensi vitamin A dan seng berhubungan dengan lambatnya pertumbuhan anak. ASI merupakan sumber vitamin A dan seng yang baik bagi anak di awal kehidupannya. Di Indonesia pola dan kecenderungan pemberian ASI tidak membaik. Tujuan : Mengkaji status vitamin A dan seng berdasarkan durasi pemberian ASI pada anak batita gizi kurang. Metode : penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 89 anak usia 12-36 bulan. Riwayat durasi pemberian ASI diperoleh dari hasil wawancara terstruktur pada ibu subjek. Status vitamin A diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan serum retinol dengan metode HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Status seng diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan serum seng dengan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). Perbedaan status vitamin A dan seng berdasarkan durasi pemberian ASI dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova. Analisis multivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda. Semua analisis dilakukan dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05 dan interval kepercayaan (IK) 95%. Hasil dan Pembahasan : Rata –rata durasi pemberian ASI pada subjek penelitian adalah 16 bulan. Prevalensi ASI eksklusif sangat rendah yaitu 2%. Rata-rata status pada subjek penelitian adalah 1,59 μmol/L sedangkan ratarata status seng adalah 14,46 μmol/L. Terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan status vitamin A berdasarkan durasi pemberian ASI sedangkan status seng tidak terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan. Anak yang mendapat ASI lebih dari 6 bulan semakin rendah status vitamin A sedangkan anak yang mendapat ASI lebih dari 6 bulan semakin tinggi status seng. Simpulan : Terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan status vitamin A berdasarkan durasi pemberian ASI pada anak batita gizi kurang dan tidak terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan status seng berdasarkan durasi pemberian ASI pada anak batita gizi kurang.

Background: Vitamin A and zinc deficiency is associated with slow growth of children. Breastmilk is good source of vitamin A and zinc for children in their early life. Pattern and trend in breastfeeding supplementation in Indonesia are not yet improved. Objective: To study status of vitamin A and zinc based on the duration of breastfeeding supplementation in undernourished children under three years. Method: The study was analytic observational with cross sectional design. Subject of the study consisted of 89 children of 12-36 months. History of breastfeeding supplementation was obtained from the result of structured interview with mothers. Status of vitamin A was obtained from the result of retinol serum examination using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Status of zinc was obtained from the result of zinc serum examination using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The difference of vitamin A and zinc status based on the duration of breastfeeding supplementation was analyzed using Anova test. Multivariate analysis used double linear regression test. All analysis were made at significance p<0.05 and confidence interval 95%. Result and Discussion: Average duration of breastfeeding supplementation was 16 months. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was extremely low (2%). Average vitamin A status was 1.59 μmol/L and average zinc status was 14.46 μmol/L. There was significant difference in vitamin A status based on the duration of breastfeeding supplementation and no significant difference in zinc status. Children that got breastfeeding supplementation more than 6 months had lower vitamin A but higher zinc status. Conclusion: There was significant difference of vitamin A status based on the duration of breastfeeding supplementation in undernourished children under three years and there was no significant difference of zinc status based on the duration of breastfeeding supplementation in undernourished children under three years.

Kata Kunci : Durasi pemberian ASI, Status vitamin A, Status seng