Pola makan kasus penderita hipertensi di Kecamatan Tawang Kota Tasikmalaya

APRIANTY, Deris, Dr. Deddy Nur Wachid, M.Kes, S.pPD

2010 | Tesis |

Latar belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyebab kesakitan dan kematian tertinggi di dunia. Hipertensi sering di sebut “a silent killer” karena penderita dapat saja tidak menunjukan gejala hipertensi dan banyak terjadi diketahuinya setelah terjadi komplikasi. Salah satu cara untuk melihat gambaran tersebut dilakukan penelitian berbasis komunitas (community based). Konsumsi natrium/sodium berlebih merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyebab hipertensi. Penggunaan mono sodium glutamat (MSG) pada masakan sudah biasa dikonsumsi di masyarakat dan hampir semua masakan dan makanan menggunakan MSG. MSG kaitannya dengan hipertensi adalah kandungan glutamatnya. Tujuan Penelitian: adalah untuk mengetahui konsumsi natrium dan MSG pada kasus hipertensi di Kecamatan Tawang Kota Tasikmalaya. Metodologi : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik berbasis komunitas dengan rancangan cross sectional pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling. Subjek penelitian adalah pria dan wanita usia 45 tahun keatas, jumlah sampel minimal 165 orang. Variabel bebas adalah konsumsi natrium berlebih dan konsumsi MSG berlebih. Variabel confoundingnya adalah obesitas, merokok, stres, kurang olah raga dan konsumsi alkohol berlebih. Data pola makan natrium dan MSG menggunakan semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Hasil Penelitian. Melalui uji bivariat konsumsi natrium mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan hipertensi (p = 0,005) sedangkan konsumsi MSG secara statistik bukan merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi (p = 0,837). Dengan uji multivariatpun variabel yang paling signifikan tetap konsumsi natrium. Kesimpulan. Konsumsi natrium pada kasus hipertensi rata-rata berlebih (>2400 mg/hari) dan secara statistik berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi sedangkan konsumsi MSG rata-rata cukup (≤ 6 gram/hari) dan tidak berhubungan dengan hipertensi. Hal ini merekomendasikan pada masyarakat agar rutin memeriksakan tekanan darah dan perlu juga diinformasikan jenis makanan tinggi natrium dan makanan yang baik dikonsumsi untuk mencegah hipertensi.

Background: Hypertension is the highest cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Hypertension is often called “ a silent killer” since patients may not show symptoms of hypertension and most frequently identified after complications occur. A method to get an overview can be made through community-based research. Excessive consumption of natrium/sodium is a risk factor of hypertension. Use of monosadium glutamate (MSG) in the cooking is common in the community and almost all cooking and foods contain MSG. Hypertension is associated with glutamate contained in MSG. Objective: To identify consumption of natrium and MSG in cases of hypertension at Subdistrict of Tawang Tasikmalaya Municipality. Method: The study was analytic observational based on the community with cross sectional design. Sampling used simple random sampling technique. Subject of the study were men and women of above 45 years as many as 165 people. The independent variable was excessive consumption of natrium and MSG. The confounding variables were obesity, smoking, less exercise, alcohol consumption. Data of natrium and MSG consumption were obtained through semi qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Result: The result of bivariate analysis showed consumption of natrium was significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.005) whereas consumption of MSG statistically was not a risk factor of hypertension (p=0.837). The result of multivariate analysis showed consumption of natrium was variable most significantly contributed to hypertension. Conclusion: Consumption of natrium in hypertension cases was above the average (>2,400 mg/day) and statistically associated with the prevalence of hypertension whereas consumption of MSG in average was adequate (≤6gr/day) and statistically not associated with hypertension. The result of the study recommended the community periodically check their blood pressure and get informed about the types of foods with high natrium content and those good to consume to prevent hypertension.

Kata Kunci : Hipertensi, community based, natrium, MSG, hypertension, community-based research, natrium, monosodium glutamate