Hubungan antara status gizi dan anemia dengan infeksi soil transmitted helminths pada anak sekolah dasar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokap I kabupaten Kulonprogo

FATIMAH, Farissa, Dra. Sri Sumarni, DAP

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Latar Belakang : Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara tropis dengan kelembaban tinggi, mempunyai lingkungan yang baik untuk perkembangbiakan cacing terutama Soil Transmitted Helminths. Prevalensi kecacingan di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, sekitar 60% dari 220 juta penduduk Indonesia kecacingan, 21% di antaranya menyerang anak usia Sekolah Dasar. Derajat atau intensitas sangat mempengaruhi keadaan gizi penderita, semakin berat infeksi keadaan gizi penderita semakin buruk, hal ini juga bisa menyebabkan anemia. Tujuan : Mengetahui derajat keparahan infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths pada anak Sekolah Dasar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokap I Kabupaten Kulonprogo serta hubungannya dengan status gizi dan anemia. Metode : Penelitian dilakukan di 51 Sekolah Dasar yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokap I Kabupaten Kulonprogo, dengan sampel seluruh siswa kelas 1 tahun ajaran 2009 yang berjumlah 241 orang. Pemeriksaan kecacingan dengan metode Kato-katz, penentuan status gizi dengan pengukuran berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB), status anemia dengan pengukuran kadar Hb menggunakan metode Cyanmethaemoglobin. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan status gizi kurang sebanyak 28 orang (12,4%), status gizi baik sebanyak 188 orang (83,6%), dan status gizi lebih sebanyak 9 orang (4,0%). Siswa yang anemia sebanyak 34 orang (15,1%) dan yang non anemia sebanyak 191 orang (84,9%). Tidak ada siswa yang masuk kategori anemia berat, sedangkan yang anemia sedang sebanyak tiga orang (1,3%) dan anemia ringan sebanyak 31 orang (13,8%). Dari 51 siswa yang positif terinfeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths menunjukkan derajat keparahan infeksi ringan A. lumbricoides sebanyak 16 orang (31,4%), T. trichiura sebanyak 36 orang (70,6%) & Hookworm sebanyak 4 orang (7,8%). Untuk kriteria infeksi sedang hanya pada cacing jenis A. lumbricoides sebanyak 7 orang (13,7%) dan T. trichiura sebanyak 8 orang (15,7%). Sedangkan untuk kriteria infeksi berat tidak ditemukan. Hasil uji analisis Somers’d tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kedua variabel, ditunjukkan dengan nilai p > 0,050. Simpulan : Tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan tingkat keparahan infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths dan tidak ada hubungan antara anemia dengan tingkat keparahan infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths pada anak sekolah dasar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokap I, Kabupaten Kulonprogo

Background: Indonesia as a tropical country with high humidity, has good environment for worm breeding particularly Soil Transmitted Helminths. The prevalence of worm infestation of Soil Transmitted Helminths in Indonesia is still relatively high, about 60% of 220 million Indonesian population are suffering from intestinal worms, 21% of them are elementary school-age children. Although infection of Soil Transmitted Helminhts generally does not cause death directly, but has a reciprocal effect with the state of malnutrition and can cause anemia. Intensity greatly affects the nutritional status of patients, more severe infection leads to poorer nutrition condition. Research in the field of Public Health Centre (PHC) Kokap I helminthiasis in the year 2008 showed 7.8% prevalence of worm infection. Objective.: To identify severity of Soil Transmitted Helminths’ infection in elementary school student at the working area of Kokap I Health Center of Kulonprogo and its correlation with nutritional status and anemia. Method: The study was undertaken in 51 elementary schools at the working area of Kokap I Health Center of Kulonprogo, with samples were all students of grade I of academic year 2009 as many as 241 students. Worm examination used Kato-Katz method, tassessment of nutrition status was based on body weight according to height (weight/height), anemia status was assessed from Hb level using Cyanmethaemoglobin method. Results: The results of the study showed 28 students (12,4%) had under nutrition status, 188 students (83,6%) had well nourished, and 9 students (4,0%) had over nutrition. As many as 34 students (15,1%) were anemic and 191 students (84,9%) were non anemic. No student belonged to severe anemic category, 3 students (1,3%) had anemia at medium category and 31 students (13,8%) were slightly anemic. Out of 51 students that positively got Soil Transmitted Helminths’ infection 16 students (31.4%) had light infection of A. lumbricoides, 36 students (70,6%) had T. trichiura and 4 students (7,8%)had hookworm. A. lumbricoides infected 7 student (13,7%) and T. trichiura infected 8 student (15,7%) both at medium criteria. There was no infection at severe criteria. The result of Somerd’s analysis showed there was no significant correlation between the two variables with p>0,050. Conclusion: There was no correlation nutrition status and anemia with severity of Soil transmitted helminth’ infections in elementary school student at the working area of Kokap I Health Center, District Kulonprogo.

Kata Kunci : Infeksi soil transmitted helminths,Status gizi,Anemia, Soil Transmitted Helminhts’ infection, nutrition status, anemia