Evaluasi efektifitas kelambu berinsektisida permetrin di daerah endemis malaria Kota Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur

SILA, Oktofianus, dr. Tri BaskoroT. Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Latar belakang : Malaria merupakan suatu penyebab penyakit dan kematian pada anak dan wanita hamil. Annual Parasite Insidence malaria Kota Kupang cukup tinggi, 2008 sampai April 2009 sebesar 2,56‰ dan 1,9‰ Distribusi kelambu Long Lasting Insecticide Nets di Kota Kupang telah dilaksanakan tahun tahun 2004. Tujuan : penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas kelambu berinsektisida permetrin telah digunakan dan dilakukan pencucian di daerah endemis malaria Kota Kupang Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Metode Penelitian : penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah kelambu berinsektisida permetrin yang telah digunakan dan dilakukan pencucian oleh penduduk Kota Kupang. Selanjutnya dilakukan Uji Bioassay dan Analisis konsentrasi insektisida serta uji kerentanan terhadap nyamuk Anopheles spp galur lokal. Data disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi. Analisis statistik menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil Penelitian : Rata-rata persen efikasi kelambu belum digunakan, satu, dua, lima dan sepuluh kali cuci sebesar 100%, 96%, 94%, 92%, dan 84%. Konsentrasi insektisida pada kelambu baru dan dilakukan pencucian sebanyak satu, dua, lima dan sepuluh kali cuci adalah 0,125gr/m2, 0,123gr/m2, 0,118gr/m2, 0,116gr/m2 dan 0,115gr/m2. Rata-rata kematian nyamuk pada uji kerentanan dengan permetrin 0,75% sebesar 88,75%. Nyamuk Anopheles spp. galur lokal Kota Kupang sudah toleran terhadap insektisida permetrin Simpulan : kelambu berinsektisida permetrin setelah pencucian sepuluh kali mengalami penurunan efikasi terhadap nyamuk Anopheles sp. sebesar 16%. Konsentrasi insektisida permetrin pada kelambu setelah sepuluh kali cuci oleh penduduk Kota Kupang mengalami penurunan sebesar 87,5+8%. Terjadi penurunan status kerentanan nyamuk Anopheles spp. galur lokal Kota Kupang dari rentan menjadi toleran terhadap insektisida Permetrin

Background: Malaria is a cause of death and disease at the young child and pregnant woman. Annual Parasite Incidence of Kupang Municipality is relatively high. It was 2.56%0; and 1.9%0 in 2008 to April 2009. Distribution of Long Lasting Insecticide Nets at Kupang Municipality has been carried out since 2004. Objective: The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of LLINs in malaria endemic areas at Kupang Municipality, NTT. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional study design. The net samples were coltected at Kupang Municipality from the people which have been used of the people in the study areas. The evaluations were conducted by Bioassay tests, analysis of insecticide residue in the nets and susceptibility of Anopheles spp. against permethrin using impregnated paper method. Data were presented in frequency distribution and statistical analysis using SPSS programe. Result: Average percentages effication of nets before use, washed once, twice, five times and ten times were 100%, 96%, 94%, 92% and 84%. Residue of insecticide in the net before use, used once, twice, five times, and ten times were 0.125 gr/m2, 0.123gr/m2, 0.118 gr/m2, 0.116gr/m2 and 0.115 gr/m2. Average death of mosquito death at susceptibility test using Permetrin 0.75% was 88.75. Conclusion: After ten times washing permethrin LLIN was decrease of efficacy to mosquito Anopheles spp. equal to 16%. There was decrease of insecticide concentration as much as 87.5+8.0% in the net after being washed ten times by the population of Kupang Municipality. There was decrease of susceptible status of Anopheles spp. local strain at Kupang Municipality that became tolerant to Permetrin with death of test mosquito as much as 88.75%.

Kata Kunci : Kelambu berinsektisida permetrin,Efikasi,Konsentrasi insektisida permetrin,Kerentanan nyamuk