Copenhagen conference sebagai kompromi politik antar aktor dan kepentingan dalam isu perubahan iklim

WIHARANI, Annisa Paramita, Ririn Tri Nurhayati, MSi.,MA

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Climate Change is one of the most complex challenges of this century. No country can take on the interconnected challenges posed by climate change alone. Every country needs to make legal framework cooperation without any exception. And the convention on climate change has been taking a long path. Begin from 1992, Kyoto Protocol is the one and only legal drafting on climate change so far. Since the Kyoto Protocol’s entry into force, attention has focused on the question of what to do after 2012, when the Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period ends. Kyoto Protocol should be extended through the adoption of a second commitment period, with a new round of emission reduction targets for developed country parties. The Copenhagen Conference, which met from December 7-19, 2009, had been intended as the deadline to resolve the questions about the post -2012 climate. The decision by more than 100 heads of state or government to attend it heightened expectations that the conference would result in a major breakthrough, and it was the largest environmental meetings in history. But, the Copenhagen conference resulted only in a political agreement called Copenhagen Accord and in a soft law character in term of international law. On the other hand, despite of the public opinion about the result, actually there were so many reasons why it could be soft law. The high tension of the different political interest may be the main problem. Besides, the other aspects, such as a technical problem like negotiation cost and uncertainty giving a deadlock possibility. The problem between developed and developing countries around climate is closely tied to the burden sharing assumption. It is also affect on financial funding program. But as a matter of fact the Accord knows how to find a solution of this problem. The Accord also contains numerous important achievements and some new additional scheme. It does not stop there; it also could make the biggest emitter country in the world make a compromise together for the very first time, then addressing both developed and developing country interests. Therefore the accord could integrate the nature of the problem between them, which is economic growth (development) and combating climate change together

Kata Kunci : Climate change,Copenhagen conference,Political compromise,Copenhagen accord,Soft law