Hubungan kesadaran hukum pengelola sarana pelayanan kesehatan dengan pelaksanaan kewajiban pengelolaan limbah medis di Kabupaten Sleman

GUNANTO, Dr. Sardjiman, MS., Apt

2010 | Tesis | S2 Magister Hukum Kesehatan

Latar belakang : Sarana pelayanan kesehatan di bidang medik dengan segala aktivitasnya, menghasilkan limbah medis padat maupun cair, dan pada prinsipnya merupakan kewajiban pengelola sarana pelayanan kesehatan untuk melakukan pengelolaan limbah. Regulasi yang mengatur tentang kewajiban tersebut telah tertuang di beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah, akan tetapi berdasarkan identifikasi dokumen pada instansi terkait di Pemkab Sleman, ternyata kewajiban tersebut belum dilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya. Secara teoritis perilaku hukum seseorang dalam merespon suatu peraturan dipengaruhi oleh kesadaran hukum orang per orang, faktor sosial lain dan aktivitas penegakan hukum. Peneliti tertarik untuk menganalisis dari salah satu sisi, yaitu kesadaran hukum. Rumusan masalahnya adalah apakah ada hubungan antara kesadaran hukum pengelola sarana pelayanan kesehatan dengan pelaksanaan kewajiban pengelolaan limbah medis. Tujuan : Mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara kesadaran hukum pengelola sarana pelayanan kesehatan dengan pelaksanaan kewajiban pengelolaan limbah medis. Lebih lanjut peneliti juga ingin mengetahui faktor kendala yang dihadapi dalam upaya pengelolaan limbah medis. Metode : Jenis penilitian adalah empiris terapan dengan metode pendekatan expost facto, dan pengumpulan data secara cross sectional. Variabel bebas adalah kesadaran hukum pengelola sarana pelayanan kesehatan yang diketahui dari hasil pengisian kuesioner, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah pelaksanaan pengelolaan limbah medis yang diketahui dari hasil observasi lapangan. Sebagai variabel moderator adalah keberadaan faktor kendala. Populasi adalah semua sarana pelayanan kesehatan sebanyak 83 sarana, sedangkan sampel sebanyak 45 sarana yang diambil secara proporsional antara negeri dan swasta. Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat, dengan uji statistik korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Kesimpulan : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kesadaran hukum dengan pelaksanaan kewajiban pengelolaan limbah medis sarana pelayanan kesehatan, dengan tingkat hubungan sedang. Pengaruh kesadaran hukum terhadap pelaksanaan pengelolaan limbah medis sebesar 22 %. Adanya faktor kendala dalam upaya pengelolaan limbah medis dinyatakan oleh 91,1 % responden, dengan faktor kendala utama kurangnya sarana dan prasarana.

Background: The ingredients of health services with their activities, resulting in solid and liquid medical waste, and in principle is a duty of health service managers to waste management. Regulations governing such obligations have been stated in several laws and regulations both at national and regional levels, however, based on identification documents on the relevant agencies in Sleman regency, it turns out those obligations have not been adequately performed. Theoretically behavior in response to a legal person affected by the rules of law awareness of individuals, other social factors and law enforcement activities. In this study, researchers interested in analyzing from one side, ie legal awareness. Formulation of the problem is whether there is a relationship between the legal awareness of the health service managers with the implementation of medical waste management obligations. Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between the legal awareness of the health service managers with the implementation of medical waste management obligations. Specifically, it also wants to find out whether there is any kind of constraints and obstacles encountered in efforts to manage medical waste. Method: This type of research is the empirical method applied ex post facto approach, and by cross sectional data collection. The independent variable is the legal awareness of the health service managers that are known from the results of questionnaires, whereas the dependent variable is the implementation of the medical wastes management that are known from field observations. As a moderator variable is the existence of constraint factors. Population is all health service facilities in the district of Sleman is counted 83rd facilities. Sample of 45 facilities that were taken in proportion between public and private. Analysis of univariate and bivariate data, with a statistical test of Pearson Product Moment correlation. Conclusion: The results showed that there was a relationship between the legal awareness of the health service managers with the implementation of medical waste management, with a medium degree of correlation. Effect of legal awareness on the implementation of medical waste management by 22%. The constraint in the efforts of medical waste management expressed by 91.1% respondents, with the main constraint to lack of facilities and infrastructure.

Kata Kunci : sarana pelayanan kesehatan, kesadaran hukum, limbah medis, health-care facilities, legal awareness, medical waste