Kualitas bakteriologis minuman yang dijual di lingkungan sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Sukoharjo Kabupaten Sukoharjo

KUSMIYATI, Prof. dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Makanan minuman yang tidak aman dapat menjadi media penularan penyakit yang disebut penyakit bawaan makanan atau foodborne disease. Minuman es yang dikonsumsi murid sekolah dasar sangat berpotensi untuk tercemar oleh mikroorganisme. Dalam penerapan higiene sanitasi minuman maka ada 4 faktor yang harus diperhatikan yaitu orang, tempat, peralatan dan bahan minuman. Keberadaan bakteri E. coli dalam minuman es merupakan indikator bahwa minuman tersebut tercemar oleh bakteri dari tinja. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara higiene perorangan penjual minuman, sanitasi air, sanitasi peralatan dan sanitasi tempat penjualan dengan kualitas bakteriologis (MPN E. coli) minuman es dan minuman tanpa es batu yang dijual di lingkungan sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Sukoharjo Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan rancangan crossectional untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh tempat penjualan minuman es, yang ada di lingkungan sekolah dasar yaitu sebanyak 31. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium terhadap sampel minuman. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji Chi Square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Higiene perorangan responden 48,5% baik, sanitasi air 77,4% baik, sanitasi peralatan 67,7% baik, 51,6% sanitasi tempat penjualan baik. Sebagian besar minuman es (93,5%) tidak memenuhi syarat bakteriologis (MPN E.coli >0/100ml) dan sebagian kecil saja (6,5%) yang memenuhi syarat. Sebagian besar minuman tanpa es batu (64,5%) tidak memenuhi syarat bakteriologis dan sebagian kecil (35,5%) memenuhi syarat . Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan higiene perorangan penjual, sanitasi air, sanitasi peralatan dan sanitasi tempat penjualan dengan kualitas bakteriologis minuman es. Ada hubungan higiene perorangan penjual, sanitasi air, sanitasi peralatan dan sanitasi tempat penjualan dengan kualitas bakteriologis minuman tanpa es batu. Sanitasi peralatan merupakan variabel yang paling mempengaruhi kualitas bakteriologis minuman tanpa es batu, disusul sanitasi air.

Background: Unsafe food and beverages are good transmission for foodborne diseases. Ice beverages consumed by primary school pupils are potential to be contaminated by microorganisms. There are four factors to be considered in the application of sanitarily hygienic beverage, ie people, places, equipment and beverage ingredients. The presence of E. coli bacteria in ice beverages is an indicator of fecal bacteria contamination. Objective: To determine the relationship between personal hygiene of beverage seller, water sanitation, equipment sanitation, outlets sanitation and bacteriological (MPN E. coli) quality of ice beverages and beverages without ice cube sold in the elementary schools in Sukoharjo subdistrict of Sukoharjo Regency. Method: The current study was cross-sectional analytic in nature. It was aimed to determine the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. The subjects were all ice beverages outlets located in elementary schools environment amounting to 31 outlets. Data were obtained through interviews with sellers, observation and laboratory examination of beverage samples. Data were analyzed univariately, bivariately using Chi Square test and multivariately using logistic regression. Results: Personal hygiene of responden was 48,4% good, water sanitation was 77.4% good, equipment sanitation was 67,7% good, and outlet sanitation was 51,6% good. Most of ice beverages (93.5%) were bacteriologically not eligible (MPN E.coli >0/100ml) and only small percentage (6,5%) were bacteriologically eligible. Most of beverages without ice cubes (64,5%) were bacteriologically not eligible, while the rest (35,5%) were eligible. Conclusion: No relationship was found between personal hygiene of beverage seller, water sanitation, equipment sanitation, outlets sanitation and bacteriological quality of ice beverages. Relationship was found between personal hygiene of beverage seller, water sanitation, equipment sanitation and outlets sanitation and bacteriological quality of beverages without ice cubes. Equipment sanitation represents the variable that strongly influenced the bacteriological quality of beverages without ice cubes, followed by water sanitation.

Kata Kunci : Bakteriologis,Minuman,Sekolah dasar