Hubungan umur pemberian makanan pendamping asi (MP-ASI) dengan pertumbuhan pada bayi usia 6-8 bulan di Kabupaten Tebo Propinsi Jambi

WAHYUTI, Sri, Prof. dr. M. Hakimi, SpOG(K), PhD

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Pada negara berkembang beberapa studi menunjukkan adanya gangguan pertumbuhan linear pada anak balita yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan gizi dan penyakit infeksi. Bayi usia 6 bulan mulai dikenalkan dengan makanan karena ASI tidak mencukupi untuk pertumbuhan. Di Kabupaten Tebo prevalensi balita kurus berdasarkan berat badan menurut tinggi badan (wasting) yaitu 16,4% yang dalam kenyataannya melebihi angka Propinsi Jambi (8,6%) dan Nasional (7,4%). Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan umur pemberian MP-ASI pertama kali dengan pertumbuhan berdasarkan weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) pada anak usia 6-8 bulan di Kabupaten Tebo. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian longitudinal dengan rancangan kohor prospektif. Sampel penelitian adalah anak usia 6-8 bulan dengan nilai WHZ berada diantara -2 SD sampai 2 SD, tinggal bersama orang tua. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan pengukuran antropometri. Data diolah dengan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan t-test, Mann Whitney, dan correlation test, dan Partial Least Squares (PLS) Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisis bivariabel menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata WHZ -0,45 SD pada bayi mendapatkan MP-ASI umur < 6 bulan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rata-rata WHZ MP-ASI umur ≥ 6 bulan yaitu -0,00 SD. Berdasarkan analisis Jalur, umur pemberian MP-ASI tidak berhubungan langsung dengan pertumbuhan, tapi MP-ASI berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan jika melalui demam, diare dan sakit saluran pernapasan dengan nilai koefisien yaitu 0,265; 0,356; 0,449. Diare, demam dan sakit saluran pernapasan dengan asupan gizi makro nilai koefisien -0,2; -0,245; -0,257 dan gizi makro dengan pertumbuhan bayi nilai koefisien 0,341 mempunyai hubungan bermakna. Kesimpulan: MP-ASI, morbiditas, asupan gizi makro dan gizi mikro berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan sebesar 30%.

Background: In developing countries, several studies have shown the prevalence of linear growth disturbances caused by lack of nutrition intake and infectious diseases. A fact says that a baby is introduced to food in addition to breast milk when he reaches the age of six months old. In Tebo District, the prevalence of children under five years who are thin and very thin based on weight- or-length (wasting) score is 20.7% which in fact exceeds the score in Jambi Province and National level which is only 18.9% and 13.6%, respectively. Objective: To find out the relationship between the age of giving complementary feeding in addition to breast milk and growth based on weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) among children aged 6-8 months in Tebo District. Method: This was a longitudinal study with a prospective cohort study design. Samples were babies aged 6-8 months with WHZ score ranging from -2 SD to 2 SD that lived with their parents. Data were gathered through interview using structured questionnaire and anthropometry measurement. The data were then analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with t-test, Mann Whitney, and correlation test, and Partial Least Squares (PLS). Result: The result of bivariable analysis showed that complementary feeding less than six months with WHZ mean score -0.45 was lower than complementary feeding more than or equal to six months with WHZ mean score -0.00. In addition, based on the result of PLS analysis, the age when complementary food was given was indirectly correlated to growth. However, complementary feeding was related to growth only if it was through fever, diarrhea and respiratory tract disease with the coefficient score 0.256; 0,356;0,449. Fever, diarrhea and respiratory tract disease with macro nutritional intake the coefficient score -0,2; -0,245; -0,257 and between macro nutritional intake and baby’s growth with the coefficient score 0.332 which was significantly related. Conclusion: Complementary food in addition to breast milk, morbidity, and macro and micro nutritional intakes contributed to growth by 30%.

Kata Kunci : Makanan Pendamping ASI, Pertumbuhan Bayi, weight-forheight Z-score, complementary food in addition to breast milk, baby’s growth, weight-for-height Z-score