Pajanan asap dalam rumah tangga terhadap kejadian ISPA non pneumonia pada anak balita di Kabupaten Kapuas

HUGO, Mayae, dr. Ova Emilia, SpOG, M.M.Ed., PhD

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: ISPA salah satu penyebab utama beban penyakit di negara berkembang dan kunjungan pasien disarana kesehatan. Dengan 40-60 % kunjungan berobat di puskesmas.Analisis data Riskesdes prevalensi balita yang menderita ISPA 42,8%. Terjadinya ISPA dipengaruhi banyak faktor diantaranya faktor lingkungan. Sedikit perhatian yang diberikan terhadap polusi udara dalam ruangan terlebih bagi masyarakat di pedesaan, walaupun diketahui partikel asap dalam ruangan diketahui sebagai faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan anak dimana anak-anak menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya di dalam rumah Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui apakah pajanan asap dalam rumah merupakan faktor resiko terhadap kejadian ISPA non pneumonia pada balita. Metode penelitian: Menggunakan rancangan kasus-kontrol (case control study) dan indept interview, subjek penelitian adalah balita usia 12-59 bulan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner, wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat menggunakan analisis regresi logistik untuk menentukan OR dan 95% CI resiko pajanan asap terhadap kejadian ISPA non Pneumonia pada Balita. Hasil:. Kejadian ISPA non pnemonia pada balita mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan pajanan asap dalam rumah (OR=2,7; 95%CI=1,16-6,60). Proporsi kondisi rumah yang kurang baik, adanya anggota keluarga yang menderita ISPA, status gizi yang kurang mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan: ISPA non pneumonia pada anak balita mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan pajanan asap dalam rumah

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the main causes of disease burden in developing countries and at means health patient visit. With 40-60% of visits patients at the health center.analysis Riskesdes report the under–five children who suffer from upper respiratory tract infection prevalence 42.8%. ARI occurrence is affected by many factors, including environmental factors, Little attention has been given to indoor air pollution particularly for people in rural areas, although the known particles of smoke in the room known as the most influential factors on the health of children where children spend most of their time indoors Objective: To know whether smoke exposure inside the house is a risk factor toward non pneumonia ARI among under-five children. Method: This was a study using a case control study design. Subjects were under-five children aged 12-59 months old in Kapuas District taken by non probability sampling method. Sample size was 106, divided into two groups namely case (n=53) and control (n=53). Data analysis used univariat analysis, bivariat analysis, and multivariat analysis with logistic regression. Result: Non pneumonia ARI had a 2.7 time greater risk of contracting Under-five children exposed by smoke inside their house (95%CI=1.16- 6.60). Multivariable analysis proportion of house condition which was not really hygienic, member of family who contracted ARI, bad nutritional status had a significant relationship to non pneumonia ARI among underfive children. Conclusion: Non pneumonia ARI among under-five children had a significant relationship to smoke exposure inside the house

Kata Kunci : ISPA non pneumonia,Pajanan asap dalam rumah,Balita