Persepsi ibu, guru dan tenaga kesehatan tentang obesitas pada anak Taman Kanak-kanak di Kotamadya Denpasar Provinsi Bali

DHYANAPUTRI, I Gusti Ayu Sri, Th. Ninuk Sri Hartini, MS, PhD

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Obesitas telah menjadi epidemik global. Program pencegahan dan penanggulangan obesitas pada anak memerlukan kerjasama berbagai pihak. Persepsi ancaman terhadap obesitas pada anak dan manfaat serta hambatan melakukan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan berperan besar dalam menentukan keterlibatan ibu, guru dan tenaga kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan obesitas pada anak. Tujuan: Mengeksplorasi persepsi ibu, guru dan tenaga kesehatan terhadap obesitas anak dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan obesitas pada anak TK di Kotamadya Denpasar Provinsi Bali. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Informan penelitian 24 orang terdiri dari 19 ibu anak TK, 2 guru TK dan 3 tenaga kesehatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) pada ibu anak TK, wawancara mendalam pada (ibu anak TK, guru TK dan petugas kesehatan), observasi dilakukan pada lingkungan sekolah, dan pengukuran status gizi, food frequency, food record serta activity record dilakukan pada anak TK. Untuk keabsahan data dilakukan triangulasi, member checking, debriefing dan rich data. Analisis data dilakukan dengan análisis tematik. Hasil: Ibu, guru dan petugas kesehatan merasa semua anak rentan terhadap obesitas. Persepsi negative ibu dan guru terhadap obesitas menyebabkan obesitas dirasakan bukan masalah yang serius. Ibu yang mengetahui dampak obesitas pada kesehatan, memiliki keluarga yang menderita penyakit degeneratif dan mempunyai pengalaman yang tidak menyenangkan dengan obesitas merasa khawatir dengan obesitas pada anak. Kurangnya informasi yang diperoleh ibu tentang cara mencegah dan menanggulangi obesitas pada anak dan banyaknya hambatan yang dijumpai menyebabkan ibu tidak berhasil melakukan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan obesitas pada anak. Kesimpulan: Persepsi terhadap ancaman obesitas pada anak dipengaruhi oleh persepsi ibu, guru dan tenaga kesehatan terhadap kerentanan dan keseriusan obesitas. Persepsi terhadap hambatan yang lebih besar dari keuntungan yang diperoleh membuat ibu tidak berhasil melakukan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan obesitas pada anak.

Background: Obesity has become a global epidemic. Programs for preventing and treating obesity in children required good cooperation from many parties. Threat perception of obesity in children, also the benefit and barriers in efforts regarding prevention and treatment of obesity were important features in determining involvement of mothers, teachers, and health practitioners in preventing and treating obesity in children. Aim: To explore perception of mothers, teachers, and health practitioners regarding obesity in the effort of preventing and treating obesity in kindergarten students in Denpasar City, Bali Province. Methods: This study uses qualitative methods. 24 subjects were chosen, consisting of 19 mothers of kindergarten students, 2 kindergarten teachers, and 3 health practitioners. Data collection was conducted by doing Focus Group Discusion (FGD) in mothers, and also in-depth interview for mothers, teachers, and health practitioners. Further observation for school environment, measurement of the children’s nutritional status, food frequency, food record and activity record were also carried out. To ensure the validity of data collected, triangulation, member checking, debriefing and rich data were done. Data analysis was performed by using thematic analysis. Results: Mothers, teachers, and health practitioners felt that all children were vulnerable to obesity. Negative perception of obesity from mothers and teachers caused the obesity to be considered as unserious problems. Mothers who knew the effect of obesity on health, had relatives with history of degenerative diseases, and had previous obnoxious experience with obesity; worried about obesity in children. The lack of information collected by mothers and the many obstacles found regarding ways to prevent and treat obesity in children, cause mothers not to be able to do the efforts of preventing and treating obesity in children. Conclusion: Perception to threat of obesity in children was affected by perception of mothers, teachers, and health practitioners on vulnerability of children and seriousness of obesity threat to children. Perception of having bigger obstacle as compared to advantages, make mothers failed in doing preventive and treating efforts for obesity in children.

Kata Kunci : Obesitas,Anak TK,Persepsi terhadap obesitas anak,Denpasar