Peran kader dalam program pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) DBD di Kecamatan Godean Kabupaten Sleman

NURYANI, Restu Indah, Prof. dr. Hari Kusnanto, DrPH

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Kecamatan Godean, Kabupaten Sleman masih merupakan daerah endemis DBD. Program promosi PSN DBD pada kader telah dilaksanakan, namun hasilnya angka bebas jentik masih kurang dari 95%. Ketidakberhasilan PSN DBD di antaranya disebabkan pemahaman yang berbeda antara kader dalam menerima informasi tentang PSN DBD serta kurangnya dukungan dari tokoh masyarakat (toma). Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran peran kader dalam promosi PSN DBD di Kecamatan Godean, Kabupaten Sleman. Tujuan khususnya untuk mengidentifikasi: 1) pelaksanaan kegiatan kader dalam PSN DBD, 2) pemahaman kader terhadap: petugas puskesmas, materi, media, metode serta umpan balik yang diterima. Metode: Penelitian ini berupa penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Subjek adalah kader Kecamatan Godean. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan: diskusi kelompok terarah (DKT) 2 kali sebanyak 16 kader; observasi pada 5 dusun, masing-masing dusun 2 kali; dan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) kepada kader, toma, masyarakat, petugas puskesmas, Staf Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman, pimpinan radio “Kanca Tani” dan pimpinan LSM “Sanggar Padmaya” sebanyak 18 informan. Hasil: Kegiatan kader selain memantau jentik nyamuk DBD, juga memberikan larvasida. Kegiatan penyuluhan dilaksanakan secara sepintas tanpa persiapan khusus. PSN DBD masyarakat tidak rutin dilaksanakan karena sibuk bekerja dan masih menganggap penyelesaian masalahnya dengan fogging. Peran toma sangat besar dalam menggerakkan masyarakat, namun ada sebagian masyarakat yang berinisiatif sendiri. Kemampuan promotor kesehatan dalam memberikan penjelasan PSN DBD cukup jelas, namun kadang-kadang ada petugas yang memakai istilah bahasa medis. Pemahaman materi promosi cukup baik, namun sebagian besar belum paham fase gejala DBD. Metode yang biasa diterima kader, yaitu penyuluhan langsung dengan proyektor, peserta diberi materi berupa leaflet atau brosur. Umpan balik: penyuluhan pada masyarakat ditambah di luar jam kerja dan kunjungannya tidak hanya karena ada kasus DBD. Kesimpulan: Dalam pelaksanaan PSN DBD di Kecamatan Godean setiap kader harus diingatkan bahwa semua kegiatan harus dijalankan secara rutin, serentak dan dengan cara yang tepat.

Background: Godean Sub-district in the District of Sleman is DHF endemic. Promotion program of DHF elimination of mosquito breeding places in cadres had been implemented; however the result of larva free rate is less than 95%. Failure of DHF elimination of mosquito breeding places are, among others, caused by different understanding of cadres in receiving information about DHF elimination of mosquito breeding place and lack of support from community leaders. Objective: The objective of this research is to get an overview of the role of cadres in promotion program of DHF elimination of mosquito breeding places at Sub-district of Godean. Particular objectives were to identify: 1) the implementation of cadre's activities in DHF elimination of mosquito breeding places; 2) the understanding of cadres about implementation by staff of health center, and about its promotion materials, media, methods and feedback. Method: The study was qualitative with case study design. Subjects of the study were cadres at Godean Sub-district. Data were obtained from: focus group discussion (DKT) 2 times with a total of 16 cadre; observation 5 orchard, each orchard 2 times; and in-depth interview with cadres, community leaders, community members, staff of health center and health office, head of “Kanca Tani” radio, and head of “Sanggar Padmaya” nongovernment organization counted 18 informan. Result: The roles of cadres included monitoring of DHF mosquito larva, provision of larvacide, health education and promotion, as well as working with community leaders in elimination of mosquito breeding places. Socialization activity was carried out spontaneously, without special preparation. Elimination of DHF mosquito breeding places was not done regularly because cadres were busy with their work and thought that problems could be resolved by fogging. Community leaders had important role in mobilizing the community; nevertheless some community members had initiatives in doing the eradication on their own. Health promoters had adequate capacity in explaining DHF elimination of mosquito breeding places; but sometimes staff used medical terms. Cadres had good understanding about promotion materials, but the majority had not understood phases of DHF symptoms. Methods of promotion were lectures using projector; while participants got leaflet or brochure. Feedback showed that socialization to the community should be extended beyond business hours and visits were made not only in response to emergence of DHF cases. Conclusion: In the implementation of DHF elimination of mosquito breeding places, each cadre with support by health center had to be aware that all activities should be conducted frequently, routine, and broad and promptly.

Kata Kunci : Peran kader,Program promosi,PSN DBD,Kecamatan Godean, role of cadres, promotion program, DHF elimination of mosquito breeding places, Godean Sub-districts