Pembuatan resin phenol formaldehyde sebaagi prekursor untuk preparasi karbon berpori :: Pengaruh kenis phenol dan rasio reaktan terhadap densitas dan kekerasan resin, serta bilangan iodin dan surface area karbon

NURYATI, Prof. Ir. Rochmadi, SU., Ph.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Kimia

Phenolic resin merupakan hasil polikondensasi antara phenol (P) dengan formaldehyde (F). Resin dapat dibuat menggunakan katalis basa dan katalis asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pembuatan resin phenol formaldehyde yang dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan reaktan ketiga berupa turunan phenol seperti hidroquinon (H), resorcinol (R), 4-amino phenol (AP), asam salisilat (AS), tersier butil phenol (T), dan CNSL (cashew nut shell liquid) (C). Resin yang dihasilkan digunakan sebagai prekursor pembuatan karbon berpori. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu tahap sintesis resin phenol formaldehyde, tahap pirolisis, dan tahap karakterisasi. Reaksi polimerisasi phenol formaldehyde dilakukan dalam reaktor berpengaduk pada suhu 90oC selama 1-3 jam. Katalis KOH dimasukkan saat suhu mencapai 90oC. Para Toluene Sulfonic Acid (pTSA) ditambahkan sebagai crosslinking agent. Campuran tersebut kemudian dipanaskan dengan tujuan membentuk resin padat. Uji densitas dan kekerasan merupakan karakterisasi terhadap produk resin. Resin tersebut kemudian dipirolisis pada temperatur 800oC selama 1 jam dalam reaktor furnace yang dialiri nitrogen. Karakterisasi terhadap karbon meliputi uji bilangan iodin, analisis surface area, distribusi ukuran pori dan morfologi struktur permukaan karbon menggunakan SEM. Hasil karakterisasi dari tujuh jenis resin tersebut menunjukkan bahwa densitas tertinggi adalah resin PF dan resin PFT, sebesar 1,18 g/ cm3. Resin PF memiliki kekerasan tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan jenis resin yang lain, sebesar 17,20 g/mm2. Hasil karakterisasi terhadap karbon menunjukkan bilangan iodin karbon PF sebesar 862,32 mg/g dan karbon PFT sebesar 794,16 mg/g. Karbon PF dan karbon PFT memiliki luas permukaan masing-masing sebesar 836,7 m2/g dan 720,7 m2/g. Secara umum ukuran diameter pori rata-rata di bawah 2 nm.

Phenolic resin is the product of polycondensation between phenol (P) with formaldehyde (F). Preparation of the resin can be conducted with alkaline catalyst and acid catalyst. This research aims to study synthesis of phenol formaldehyde resin modified by adding the third reactant in the form of phenol derivatives such as hydroquinone (H), resorcinol (R), 4-amino phenol (AP), salicylic acid (AC), tertiary butyl phenol (T), and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The resin product is used as a precursor for porous carbon production. This research was conducted in three steps; the first step was synthesis of phenol formaldehyde resin, the second step was pyrolysis and the last was the product characterization. Reaction of phenol formaldehyde was carried out in a stirred reactor at temperature of 90oC for 1 to 3 hours. KOH catalyst was charged into the reactor when the temperature at 90oC. Para Toluene Sulfonic Acid (pTSA) was added to the resin as a cross linking agent, then the mixture was heated to form the solid resin. Characterization of the resin covers measurement of the density and the hardness. Carbonization process was carried out by pyrolysis at the temperature of 800oC for 1 hour in the furnace reactor, in which nitrogen gas was flown. Characterization of the carbon covers iodine number, surface area analysis, pore size distribution and carbon morphological structure. The results showed that PF and PFT resins had higher density than the other resins. PF resin had the hardness value of 17.2 g/mm2, which was the highest among the other resins. The iodine number of the PF and PFT carbon was 862.3 mg/g and 794.16 mg/g, respectively. The surface area of the PF and PFT carbons were 836.7m2/g and 702.7m2/g, respectively. Generally, all the carbon produced had the average pore size diameter less than 2 nm.

Kata Kunci : Phenol formaldehyde resin,Pirolisis,Karbon,Bilangan iodin