Pemilihan kebutuhan tempat tinggal :: Kasus Pegawai Negeri Sipil di lingkungan kampus UGM

SUMINI, Drs. Tukiran, M.A

2010 | Tesis | S2 Kependudukan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan menganalisis karakter sosio ekonomi PNS di lingkungan Kampus UGM, upaya PNS dalam memenuhi kebutuhan tempat tinggal, serta pertimbangan-pertimbangan dalam memilih tempat tinggal. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskripsi, inferensial, skoring, pengukuran indeks,dengan individu sebagai unit analisis. Uji beda t-test dan chi-square digunakan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan karakter dan pemenuhan kebutuhan tempat tinggal antar pegawai di lingkungan kampus UGM.Hasil uji beda t-test dan chi square pada variabel umur, lama kerja, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, pendidikan dan penghasilan antar pegawai golongan satu dan dua dengan golongan tiga dan empat signifikan (p-value 0,00) hanya pada variabel pendapatan dan pendidikan. Rata-rata pendapatan pegawai golongan satu dan dua lebih rendah (Rp 1,5 juta per bulan) dibandingkan dengan pegawai golongan tiga dan empat (Rp 2 juta per bulan). Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan tingkat pendidikan yang juga lebih rendah, yaitu pegawai golongan satu dan dua kebanyakan tamatan SMU sedangkan golongan tiga dan empat tamatan sarjana strata-1.Uji chi square untuk variabel pemenuhan tempat tinggal signifikan pada 0,88 yang berarti pemenuhan kebutuhan tempat tinggal dirasa sama-sama sulit baik oleh pegawai golongan satu dan dua maupun golongan tiga dan empat. Pendapatan mereka tidak terlalu tinggi, sehingga setelah digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sandang dan pangan sangat sedikit yang tersisa untuk kebutuhan tempat tinggal. Untuk itu mereka melakukan beberapa kali perpindahan dengan perbandingan 1:2, terlibat dalam organisasi pengadaan (dalam bentuk kredit/pinjaman), menjual asset di daerah asal, menunda kelahiran hingga memiliki tempat tinggal yang mapan, mengatur pola pengeluaran sehari-hari secara ketat, dan menyisihkan sebagian penghasilan. Meskipun berbagai upaya dilakukan, tetapi sekitar 53 persen (golongan satu dan dua) dan 28 persen (golongan tiga dan empat) saat ini masih menempati rumah sewa/kontrak. Pegawai di lingkungan kampus UGM memiliki pertimbangan-pertimbangan dalam pemilihan tempat tinggal. Pegawai golongan satu dan dua lebih mempertimbangkan aspek kedekatan tempat tinggal dengan tempat kerja, sedangkan pegawai golongan tiga dan empat lebih mempertimbangkan aspek kenyamanan tempat tinggal. Dilihat berdasarkan lama kerja terdapat kecenderungan bahwa semakin lama bekerja, lokasi tempat tinggal akan semakin menjauhi tempat kerja

The present research aimed to identify and analyze the socio-economic characters of civil servants in the campus of Gadjah Mada University (GMU), the efforts of civil servants in fulfilling their housing demand, and considerations of housing preference. The research applied descriptive statistical analysis,inferential scoring,index measurement techniques, with individual as analysis unit. t-test and chi-square test were used to identify the availability of character difference and housing demand fulfillment among employees in GMU campus.The results of t-test and chi-square test on variables ages, period of service, and total family members, education and income between the employees of grade one and two with those of grade three and four were significant (p value of 0.00) in variables income and education. Average income of employees of grade one and two was lower (Rp 1.5 million per month) compared to those of grade three and four (Rp 2 million per month). This was related to their lower education level; namely, most of grade one and two were high school graduates, while those of grade three and four were strata-1 (college) graduates.The chi square test on variable housing demand fulfillment was significant at the level of 0,88, indicating that the housing demand fulfillment was considered as difficult by the both employees of grade one and two, and those of three and four as well. Their income was not higher; hence, after it was spent for cloth and food demand, only very few left for housing. To this end, they performed several times of movement in ratio of 1:2; they were involved in procurement organizations (in terms of credit/loan), sold their properties in their area of origin, delayed children’s birth until they had established housing, managed their daily spending on tight basis, and put some of the income aside.Although various efforts were made, approximately 53 percent (grades one and two) and 28 percent (grades three and four) currently occupies rented /leased house.Employees in GMU campus had considerations of their housing preference. The employees of grades one and two more considered the proximity aspect of housing to workplace, while those of grades three and four more considered the comfort of residence as well as the proximity to workplace. Based on the duration of service, the tendency shows that the more their period services is, the longer their residential location is from work place.

Kata Kunci : Tempat tinggal,Tempat kerja,Pertimbangan pemilihan tempat tinggal,Upaya pemenuhan tempat tinggal, residence, workplace, consideration of housing preference, efforts of housing demand fulfillment.