Penggunaan tepung cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) sebagai aditif pakan pemacu pertumbuhan pada ayam broiler

JULENDRA, Hardi, Prof. Dr. Ir. Zuprizal, DEA

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Telah dilakukan penelitian penggunaan tepung cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) sebagai aditif pakan pemacu pertumbuhan pada ayam broiler. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan tepung cacing tanah di dalam ransum terhadap performan, kecernaan protein, profil darah dan villi- villi usus dengan menggunakan 100 ekor doc strain Cobb (CP 707) yang dipelihara selama 35 hari. Terdapat empat perlakuan (R0: tanpa aditif TCT, R1 : aditif TCT 0,5%, R2: aditif TCT 1%, R3 : aditif TCT 1,5%) terdiri dari lima ulangan setiap ulangan diisi dengan lima ekor ayam. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola searah dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Uji performa dilakukan dengan mencatat konsumsi, berat badan dan efisiensi ransum, uji kecernaan protein menggunakan metoda koleksi eskreta dan koleksi isi illeum , uji profil darah dilakukan untuk melihat jumlah sel eritrosit, leukosit dan limfosit dan uji performa villi-villi usus menggunakan scanning elektron microscopy (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan berat badan berbeda tidak nyata sedangkan konsumsi R1 (2065 g), R2 (2025,4 g), R3 (2075,3 g) berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan R0 (2309,8 g) dan FCR R1 (1,78), R2 (1,78), R3 (1,78) berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan R0 (2,04). Kecernaan protein R3 (91,69%) berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan R0 (81,75%), R1 (90,48%) dan R2 (85,99%). R1 (90,48%) berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan R0 (81,75%) tetapi R2 (85,99%) berbeda tidak nyata dengan R1 (90,48%) dan R0 (81,75%). Hasil uji profil darah ternyata jumlah sel eritrosit berbeda tidak nyata sedangkan jumlah sel leukosit R1 (18575 μL), R2 (18200 μL), R3 (20175 μL) berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan R0 (16675 μL) dan limfosit R1 (22,7 %),R2 (21,8 %), R3(23,6 %) berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan R0 (15,2 %). Ilustrasi dari bentuk villi- villi usus memperlihatkan bahwa R1, R2 dan R3 lebih baik dari kontrol (R0). Penggunaan tepung cacing tanah sebagai aditif pemacu pertumbuhan pada ayam ternyata dapat memperbaiki performa, meningkatkan kecernaan protein, mampu memperbaiki kesehatan ternak dilihat dari profil darah dan mampu meningkatkan absorbsi zat makanan dilihat dari performa villi usus.

The research about earthworm meal (Lumbricus rubellus) addition as feed additive for growth promoters on broiler chickens had been conducted. The objective of this research was to study the effects of earthworm meal (TCT) addition in the diets on performance, digested protein, blood profiles and intestinal villi, using 100 day old chicken of Cobb strain (CP 707) for 35 days. There were four treatments, R0 : without TCT addition, R1 :0.5% TCT, R2: 1% TCT, R3 : 1.5% TCT with five replications, of five chickens each. The test pattern was obtained using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of one way analysize then continued with Duncan test. Performance test was done by collecting consumption data, body weight and feed convertion ratio (FCR). Digested proteins test was obtained using excreta and ileum collection methods. Blood profile test was done to determine the number of erythrocytes cell, leukocytes cell and lymphocytes. Performance test of intestinal villi was obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that dietary treatments did not significantly improve body weight gain, while the real consumption of R1 (2065 g), R2 (2025.4 g), R3 (2075.3 g) differed significantly (P<0.05) with R0 (2309.8 g), so was FCR R1 (1.78), R2 (1.78), R3 (1.78), (P<0.05) with R0 (2.04). Digested protein of R3 (91,69%) was significantly different (P<0.05) with R0 (81,75%), R1 (90,48%) and R2 (85,99%), R1 (90,48%) so was (P<0.05) with R0 (81,75%), but R2 (85,99%) was not significantly different with R0 (81,75%) and R1 (90,48%) . Blood profile test results showed that erythrocyte cell number was not significance, while leukocytes cells number of R1 (18575 μL), R2 (18200 μL), R3 (20175 μL) was significantly different (P<0.05) with R0 (16675 μL) and lymphocytes number of R1 (22.7%), R2 (21.8%), R3 (23.6%) was significantly different (P<0.05) with R0 (15.2%). Illustration of the intestine villi showed that the treatments (R1, R2, R3) were better than the control (R0). The addition of earthworm meal to the diet as feed additive for chicken growth promoters could improved performance and digested proteins enhancement, poultry health improvement through blood profile and could increase the absorption of nutrients through intestinal villi performance.

Kata Kunci : Pakan aditif, Tepung cacing tanah, Ayam broiler, Feed additive, Earthworm meal, Commercial broiler