Produktivitas kerbau betina di Pulau Moa Kabupten Maluku Barat Daya Provinsi Maluku

PIPIANA, Justhinus, Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Baliarti, SU

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keadaan kerbau betina dan produktivitasnya, mengetahui sifat-sifat reproduksi dan hubungannya dengan efisiensi reproduksi, pertambahan alami (natural increase) ternak kerbau, ukuran-ukuran tubuh dan berat badan kerbau betina induk di pulau Moa kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya provinsi Maluku. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 5 Desa. Materi penelitian meliputi 96 peternak sebagai responden, 222 ekor kerbau induk dan data sekunder dari Dinas Pertanian setempat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitis dengan metode survei, dilaksanakan dalam 2 tahap yaitu tahap I selama seminggu adalah observasi kondisi lapangan dan tahap II adalah tahap koleksi data. Identitas peternak, struktur populasi, kinerja reproduksi, natural increase, mutasi ternak diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung kepada peternak (responden) dengan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan yang sebelumnya telah dipersiapkan. Data ukuran tubuh ternak diperoleh dengan melakukan pengukuran secara langsung terhadap bagian-bagian tubuh ternak yang meliputi panjang badan, tinggi gumba, dalam dada, lingkar dada, tinggi pinggul, lebar pinggul, panjang badan dan umur ternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi reproduksi (ER) 70,91 ± 10,84%, natural increase 15,73% dari populasi 3612 ekor. Ukuran-ukuran tubuh dan berat badan umur 2-3 tahun adalah panjang badan 88,92 ± 9,94; lingkar dada 136,69 ± 21,05 cm; tinggi gumba 94,77 ± 7,23 cm; tinggi pinggul 44,77 ± 5,54 cm dan berat badan 192,46 ± 29,12 kg. Umur 3-4 tahun, panjang badan 106,21 ± 4,19 cm; lingkar dada 163,61 ± 16,40 cm; tinggi gumba 110,03 ± 6,14 cm; tinggi pinggul 109,08 ±5,88 cm; dalam dada 65,58 ± 6,69 cm; lebar pinggul 46,82 ± 4,62 cm dan berat badan 253,45 ± 30,79 kg. Umur 4-5 tahun, panjang badan 116,14 ± 10,98 cm; lingkar dada 174,04 ± 12,12 cm; tinggi gumba 115,07 ± 3,23 cm; tinggi pinggul 113,07 ± 3,74 cm; dalam dada 67,36 ± 7,44 cm; lebar pinggul 48,07 ± 3,74 cm dan berat badan 270,42 ± 27,24 kg. Umur > 5 tahun, panjang bada 121,44 ± 12,22 cm; lingkar dada 180,01 ± 16,63 cm; tinggi gumba 120,19 ± 3,76; tinggi pinggul 119, 49 ± 13,74 cm; dalam dada 79,40 ± 5,52 cm; lebar pinggul 58,72 ± 4,88 cm dan berat badan 292,09 ± 29,76 kg. Rumus Camoens digunakan untuk menduga berat badan kerbau betina di pulau Moa dengan perbedaan terhadap bobot timbang 6,33%. Disimpulkan bahwa produktivitas kerbau betina di pulau Moa belum optimal namun mempunyai keragaan yang baik dan berpeluang dikembangkan sebagai penghasil daging.

The objectives of this research was to identify the existence, productivity, reproductive performances and its relation on the reproductive efficiency, natural increase, body measurements and weight of female buffalo at Moa island, Southwest Maluku Regency, Maluku Province. This research was conducted at 5 villages. Research material includes 96 farmers as respondents, 222 female buffalo and secondary data from Agricultural Department in that area. Survey method and descriptive analysis were applied to collect all of information required. The research was conducted on two stages, namely pre survey to observe field condition; it was carried out for a week (stage 1) and data collection (stage 2). Farmers’ identity, population structures, reproductive performances, natural increases and dynamics of buffalo situation were collected by direct interviews with the farmers using a structural questionares. Body measurement was done by direct measurement on the body, it was consisted of body length, withers height, chest depth, heart girth, rump height, rump width and ages of buffaloes. The results show that reproduction efficiency (RE) was 70.91 ± 10.84%, natural increase was 15.73% of the total population which was 3612 buffalos. Body measurements and weight of female buffaloes at 2-3 years old were body length 88.92 ± 9.94 cm; heart girth 136.69 ± 21.05 cm; withers height 94.77 ± 7.23 cm; rump height 44.77 ± 5.54 cm and body weight 192.46 ± 29.12 kg. At 3-4 years old of female buffaloes, the body length, heart girth, withers height, rump height, chest depth, rump width and body weight were 163.61 ± 16.40 cm; 110.03 ± 6.14 cm; 109.08 ±5.88 cm; 65.58 ± 6.69 cm; 46.82 ± 4.62 cm and 253.45 ± 30.79 kg, respectively. At 4-5 years old, the body length, heart girth, withers height, rump height, chest depth, rump width and body weight of females buffaloes were 116.14 ± 10.98 cm; 174.04 ± 12.12 cm; 115.07 ± 3.23 cm; 113.07 ± 3.74 cm; 67.36 ± 7.44 cm; 48.07 ± 3.74 cm and 270,42 ± 27,24 kg, respectively, while for female buffaloes under more than 5 years old, it was 121.44 ± 12.22 cm; 180.01 ± 16.63 cm; 120.19 ± 3.76; 119.49 ± 13.74 cm; 79.40 ± 5.52 cm; 58.72 ± 4.88 cm and 292.09 ± 29.76 kg. Camoens’ equation was used to estimate body weight of female buffalo at Moa island with variance was 6.33% from real body weight. It is concluded that productivity of female buffaloes at Moa island is not optimal, but it has good performances and can be developed as meat sources.

Kata Kunci : Produktivitas,Kerbau betina,Pulau Moa