Pengaturan kombinasi baris tanaman tetua jantan dan betina dalam peningkatan produktivitas dan kualitas benih jagung hibrida

RAHMAWATI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Prapto Yudono, M.Sc

2010 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Produksi benih jagung hibrida sangat rendah hanya berkisar 1,0–1,5 t/ha. Peningkatan benih jagung hibrida ini dapat dilakukan dengan menambah penggunaan tetua betina, sehingga mengurangi penggunaan tetua jantan yang ketersediannya terbatas dan lebih efisien dalam pelaksanaannya. Tepungsari yang berjumlah banyak dapat dimanfaatkan lebih maksimal. Penggunaan kombinasi tetua jantan dan betina yang umum digunakan oleh produsen benih dan pemulia adalah 1:2; 1:4; 1:6; 2;4; dan 2;6. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kombinasi baris tetua jantan dan betina yang efektif dalam meningkatkan produksi benih jagung hibrida, namun efisien dalam penggunaan tetua jantan dan kualitas benih yang dihasilkan tetap memenuhi standar mutu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lapangan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah : (A) 1 baris jantan, 2 baris betina; (B) 1 baris jantan, 4 baris betina; (C) 1 baris jantan, 6 baris betina; (D) 2 baris jantan, 4 baris betina; (E) 2 baris jantan, 6 baris betina; dan (F) 2 baris jantan, 8 baris betina. Tetua jantan yang digunakan adalah Mr14 dan tetua betina G193. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi baris tanaman tetua jantan dan betina 1 : 6 adalah terbaik dibanding kombinasi lainnya karena hasilnya tinggi, mutu fisiologis tetap baik, mengurangi penggunaan tetua jantan, serta lebih efisien pelaksanaannya di lapangan.

The seed yield of maize hybrid still low, ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 ton per hectare only. The increasing yield of maize seed hybrid can be done through increasing rate of female parent in seed production, which could reduced the used of male seed parent that more efficient in carried out in the field. The pollen produced during seed production can be also maximize for to fertilization. The combination between male and female in term of row seeding that being used by seed producers and breeders were: 1:2; 1:4; 1:6; 2;4; and 2;6 respectively. The objective of the experiment was to find out the proper combination in term of row seeding between male and female parent stock that could produced F1 seed hybrid more effective and efficient. Moreover, the seed yield produced was still meet the requirement of the standard quality rule. Randomized completed block design was used in this experiment with 4 replications. The treatments were consisted of 6 row compositions between male and females parent stock: (A) 1 row male and 2 rows of female; (B) 1 row male and 4 rows of female; (C) 1 row male and 6 rows of female; (D) 2 rows male and 4 rows of female; (E) 2 rows male and 6 rows of female; and (F) 2 rows male and 8 rows of female. Male parent stock used was Mr14, and the female was G193. The results of the experiment showed that the combination between male and females was 1: 6 compared to that of other’s compositions, which produced the highest seed yield, good seed quality, furthermore, it was more efficient used in term male parent and space of land in the field.

Kata Kunci : Produktivitas, Kualitas benih, Jagung hibrida, Kombinasi baris