Kajian respon padi gogo (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap perbedaan intensitas cahaya dan masukan serasah dengan media tanah asal hutan rakyat sengon

OCTAVIA, Dona, Prof. Dr. Ir. M. Sambas Sabarnurdin, M.Sc

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Agrisilvikultur merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi keterbatasan produksi pangan karena tingginya tekanan penduduk terhadap hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan, produktivitas dan kandungan protein beberapa varietas padi gogo terhadap tingkat naungan dan masukan serasah pada media tanah asal hutan rakyat sengon. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial dengan menguji tiga varietas padi (Limboto, Situ Bagendit dan Situ Patenggang) sebagai faktor pertama, dua dosis serasah (0 dan 105 g/polibag ) sebagai faktor kedua dan 4 level naungan (0, 25, 50 dan 65%) sebagai blok. Parameter yang diukur adalah pertumbuhan, produksi biomasa dan kandungan protein padi. Pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi cenderung menurun, sementara kandungan protein cenderung meningkat dengan bertambahnya intensitas naungan. Tanaman padi di bawah naungan 25, 50 dan 65% mengalami penurunan hasil masing-masing 14, 55 dan 72%. Masukan serasah meningkatkan hasil dan kandungan protein 0,2 - 4%. Varietas Situ Patenggang memiliki rata-rata tinggi dan luas daun terbesar. Limboto memiliki rata-rata biomasa (daun,akar), bobot daun spesifik, laju asimilasi bersih dan kandungan protein jaringan vegetatif terbesar, sedangkan Situ Bagendit memiliki rata-rata biomasa malai, jumlah anakan, jumlah malai, bobot 1000 biji dan kandungan protein beras terbesar. Situ Bagendit paling tahan naungan, diikuti oleh Situ Patenggang dan Limboto. Dapat disebutkan bahwa ketiga varietas yang diuji mampu berproduksi baik di bawah naungan.

Agrisilviculture is one of a solution to overcome the limited food production because of high pressure to forest by population. This research aims to study growth, productivity and protein content response of several upland rice varieties to shade levels and litter input in soil medium with source of Sengon community forest. Experiment was conducted using a factorial randomized block design with two factors and four replications. The first factor comprises of upland rice varieties (Limboto, Situ Bagendit and Situ Patenggang), the second factor comprises of litter input dosage (0 and 105 g/polybag ) and shade levels (0, 25, 50 and 65%) as block. Measurement was conducted on growth, biomass production and protein content. Rice growth and biomass production tend to decrease, while protein content tend to increase with the increase of shading intensity. The upland rice with 25, 50 and 65% shading intensity resulted in yield reduction (14, 55 and 72%, respectively). Litter input contributed to protein content and yield enhancement by 0.2 – 4%. The highest in both of height and leaf area were shown by Situ Patenggang; the highest in leaf and root biomass, specific leaf weight, net accumulation rate and vegetative tissue protein content were shown by Limboto while the highest in grain biomass and protein content, amount of tiller and mature rice panicle, 1000 grain dry weight were shown by Situ Bagendit. Shading tolerance of Situ Bagendit was highest, followed by Situ Patenggang and Limboto. It can be said that the tested three varieties were able to produce well under shading.

Kata Kunci : Agrisilvikultur,Naungan,Pertumbuhan dan biomasa,Protein, Agrisilviculture, shading, growth and biomass, protein