Pengaruh lingkungan terhadap kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali di Kabupaten Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan

WINDAYANI, Prof. Dr. dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc

2010 | Tesis | S2 IKM-Kesehatan Lingkungan

Latar Belakang: Upaya pemerintah meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat, salah satunya melalui program penyediaan sarana air bersih bagi masyarakat miskin di perdesaan. Sesuai Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990, menyatakan bahwa air bersih harus memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Berdasarkan data evaluasi program terhadap desa sasaran program di salah satu kabupaten, banyak sumur yang dibangun tidak memenuhi syarat kualitas bakteriologis. Dari 87 sampel air sumur yang diperiksa, terdapat 77 sampel (88,5%) tidak memenuhi syarat. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui kualitas bakteriologis air sumur di desa Rejodadi, sekaligus menganalisis faktor risiko pencemaran bakteri koliform pada air sumur. Cara Penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Subyek penelitian adalah sumur gali yang dibangun melalui program penyediaan sarana air bersih di Rejodadi. Sampel berjumlah 34 sumur gali, diambil secara simple random sampling. Variabel bebas yang diukur adalah jarak sumber pencemar, kondisi fisik sumur dan perilaku pemakai sumur, sedangkan variabel terikatnya kualitas bakteriologis air sumur. Pengujian hipotesis hubungan antara variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat menggunakan Fisher’s Exact Test dan Coefficient Contingency dengan taraf signifikansi (α) sebesar 5%. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari jarak sumber pencemar terhadap kualitas bakteriologis air sumur (p>0,05). Terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dari kondisi fisik sumur terhadap kualitas bakteriologis air sumur (p<0,05). Terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dari perilaku pemakai sumur terhadap kualitas bakteriologis air sumur (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Buruknya kualitas bakteriologis air sumur di Rejodadi disebabkan dari kondisi fisik sumur dan perilaku pemakai sumur yang berisiko tinggi menyebabkan pencemaran. Saran: Peran aktif petugas kesehatan sangat diperlukan dalam upaya penyehatan air melalui penyuluhan kesehatan kepada masyarakat serta menghidupkan kembali kegiatan inspeksi sanitasi terhadap sarana air bersih.

Background: Government efforts to improve the health status of the community, one of them through a programme of clean water supply for the rural poor people. Accordance to the Minister of Health Regulation No. 416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990, said that clean water must meet health requirements. Based on the programme evaluation data to programme target villages in one district, many dig wells that were built did not qualify bacteriological quality. Of the 87 well water samples examined, as many as 77 samples (88.5%) are not eligible. Objective: Study’s Objective is to examine the bacteriological quality of water wells in villages Rejodadi, while analyzing risk factors for coliform bacteria contamination in well’s water. Methods: The research used observational method by cross sectional design. Subject of research were dig’s wells of the community, built through a programme of clean water supply in Rejodadi. The sample amounted to 34 dig wells, taken in a simple random sampling. The independent variable measured were the distance of the sources of pollution, the physical condition of the wells and wells user behavior, while the dependent variable bacteriological quality of wells water. Testing correlation hypotheses between independent variables and dependent variable used Fisher's Exact Test and Contingency Coefficient with a significance level (α) equal to 5%. Results: The results of the research showed that There is no significant influence from the distance of the sources of pollution to the bacteriological quality of wells water (p>0.05). There is a positive and significant influence of the physical condition of the wells to the bacteriological quality of wells water (p<0.05). There is a positive and significant influence of the wells user behavior to the bacteriological quality of wells water (p <0.05). Conclusion: The poor bacteriological quality of water wells in Rejodadi caused by the physical condition of the well and the user behavior that there is a high-risk pollution. Suggestion: Active participation of health workers is needed in the effort to restructure the water through health education to the community and revive the activities of the sanitary inspection of water supplies.

Kata Kunci : Sumur,Air,Pencemaran,Bakteri, Wells, Water, Pollution, Bactery