Pengaruh limbah cair industri sarung tenun pada air irigasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi padi dan kualitas lingkungan :: Studi kasus di Desa Wanarejan Kabupaten Pemalang Jawa Tengah

RAHMAWATI, Nur Amita, Prof. Dr. Suratman, M.Sc

2010 | Tesis | S2 Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan

Desa Wanarejan Utara merupakan daerah sentra industri sarung tenun. Penggunaan pewarna sintesis pada proses pencelupan menghasilkan limbah berbahaya dan menurunkan kualitas lingkungan. Penggunaan air irigasi yang tercampur limbah tenun akan menurunkan produksi padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa nilai parameter kualitas air limbah cair kain tenun, menganalisis tingkat pencemaran air sungai/selokan dan air irigasi yang disebabkan oleh limbah cair industri sarung tenun, menganalisa pengaruh limbah cair kain tenun terhadap produksi padi, mengetahui persepsi masyarakat di Desa Wanarejan Utara terhadap dampak limbah cair dan merumuskan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan yang tepat untuk mengolah limbah cair dan menanggulangi pencemaran di Desa Wanarejan Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei, analisis laboratorium untuk sampel air limbah dan badan air dan wawancara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling pada enam belas titik lokasi air permukaan dan satu lokasi industri. Wawancara menggunakan metode stratified random sampling berdasarkan pekerjaan responden. Data penunjang berupa data sekunder yang berasal dari instansi dan studi literatur. Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil laboratorium untuk limbah cair murni menunjukkan bahwa parameter suhu,pH, TSS, BOD, COD, ammonia dan sulfat melebihi baku mutu sedangkan parameter fenol belum melampaui baku mutu jika dibandingkan dengan Perda Jawa Tengah No.10/2004. Berdasarkan PP No.82/2004 Kelas IV, sebagian besar nilai parameter suhu, BOD, COD dan natrium pada air tercampur limbah melebihi baku mutu sedangkan parameter pH, TSS, DHL dan SAR belum melampaui baku mutu. Pada badan air belum tercampur limbah, nilai parameter BOD dan natrium sudah melampaui baku mutu sedangkan parameter suhu, pH, TSS, DHL dan SAR belum melampaui baku mutu. Berdasarkan nilai masing-masing, sebagian besar parameter termasuk dalam kategori pencemaran sedang dan tinggi. Masyarakat berpendapat bahwa kualitas lingkungan menurun disebabkan pembuangan limbah dan menginginkan fasilitas pengelolaan limbah, tetapi petani berpendapat bahwa penggunaan air irigasi berlimbah tidak menurunkan produksi padi. Berdasarkan data statistik, penggunaan air berlimbah untuk mengairi tanaman padi menurunkan produksi padi di Desa Wanarejan Utara. Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan yang direkomendasikan untuk mengolah limbah cair dan menanggulangi pencemaran adalah IPAL.

North Wanarejan village is woven sarong industrial center. The use of synthetic dyes in the dyeing process will produce hazardous and decrease the environmental quality. Usage of irrigation water from contamined water bodies will reduce rice production. This study aims to analyze the parameters value of liquid waste quality contains in the woven fabric, to analyze the contamination level of river and irrigation water which caused of waste water, to analyze the effect of liquid waste produces by woven fabric industry on rice production, to know local people perception towards the liquid waste effect and to evaluate the environmental management strategies appropriate to treat liquid waste and to overcome pollution in North Wanarejan village. This study were conducted to survey method, laboratory analysis for samples of waste water and water bodies and interview. The purposive sampling were used in sixteenth-surface water locations and one industrial site. Interview was conducted by using stratified random sampling method which was based on the respondents work. The supporting data which functioned as the secondary data which were taken from the government agencies records and literature studies. The analysis of data using qualitative methode. Laboratory results of pure liquid waste water indicate that the parameters of temperature, pH, TSS, BOD, COD, ammonia and sulphate have exceeded the waste water quality standard, while phenol parameter was not, when referring to Regional Regulation of Center Java Profince No.10/2004. According to Government Regulation No.82/2004 of Class IV dominantly, the value of the temperature, BOD, COD and sodium in the waste contaminated water have exceeded the water quality standard while the parameters of pH, TSS, DHL and SAR was not. Meanwhile, for the water bodies which have not been contamined by any liquid waste, the values of BOD and sodium have exceeded the water quality standard whereas the parameters of temperature, pH, TSS, DHL and SAR have not. Based on each value,most of parameters has been including in teh medium and high pollution category. Responden believes that the environmental quality has beeb reducing because waste water disposal and want the waste management facilities. But the farmers argue that usage of waste water irrigation not reducing rice production. Based on statistical data, the used of waste contamined irrigation water has lowered the rice production in North Wanarejan village. The environmental management strategy to process waste water and to overcome pollution is IPAL.

Kata Kunci : Industri tenun,Limbah cair,Wanarejan Utara,IPAL,weaving industry, waste water, North Wanarejan