Perbandingan tempat potensial perkembangbiakan, kepadatan telur dan transmisi transovarial aedes aegypti antara daerah endemis dan sporadis di Kota Pekanbaru Propinsi Riau

RIANDINI, Fitri, dr. Tribaskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 IKM-Epidemiologi Lapangan

Latar belakang: Aedes aegypti ditemukan tersebar luas di daerah perkotaan hingga pelosok pedesaan. Umumnya lebih menyukai berbagai tempat penampungan air (TPA) jernih yang banyak terdapat di sekitar pemukiman sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan, untuk mengidentifikasi apakah suatu daerah beresiko sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk Aedes digunakan indikator Breeding Risk Indicator (HRI) dan Hygiene Risk Indicator (BRI). Ovitrap atau perangkap telur merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam kegiatan pengamatan dan pengendalian vektor DBD, seperti untuk mengidentifikasi kepadatan nyamuk di suatu daerah. Transmisi virus dengue umumnya terjadi secara horizontal, dari manusia pembawa virus dengue (donor) ke manusia lain yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Ae. aegypti, transmisi diperkirakan bisa juga terjadi secara vertikal (transovarial), dari nyamuk Ae. aegypti betina gravid yang terinfeksi virus dengue ke ovum (telur), untuk menggambarkan proporsi nyamuk Aedes sp yang infeksius virus dengue digunakan angka infeksi transovarial (AIT). Berbagai upaya untuk memutus rantai penularan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) telah dilakukan, namun upaya yang dilakukan belum bisa munjukkan hasil yang optimal, kasus masih tinggi dan banyak terdapat kelurahan endemis DBD di Kota Pekanbaru. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan tempat potensial perkembangbiakan, kepadatan telur dan transmisi transovarial nyamuk Ae. aegypti antara daerah endemis dan sporadis di Kota Pekanbaru. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Unit analisis adalah 268 rumah untuk menghitung nilai HRI dan BRI, 16 RW untuk menghitung nilai OI dan 11 RW untuk menghitung AIT, di daerah endemis dan sporadis Kota Pekanbaru. Sampel di ambil secara proportional to population size. Variabel bebas meliputi: breeding risk indicator (HRI), hygiene risk indicator (BRI), ovitrap indeks (OI) dan angka infeksi transovarial (AIT), analisis yang digunakan adalah independent sampel t-test., Hasil: Analisis kondisi tempat potensial perkembangbiakannyamuk berbasis BRI p= 0,000 mempengaruhi perbandingan status endemisitas. Analisis kondisi tempat potensial perkembangbiakan nyamuk berbasis HRI p=0,131, kepadatan telur nyamuk dalam rumah (p= 0,364) dan luar rumah (p= 0,820) serta angka infeksi transovarial (p= 0,978), tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan: Tempat potensial perkembangbiakan nyamuk Ae. aegyti berbasis BRI merupakan faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi perbandingan status endemisitas di Kelurahan Tangkerang Tengah dan Kelurahan Padang Bulan

Background: Aedes aegypti is widely found in urban and rural areas. Its breeding place varies, but in general Aedes aegypti likes clean water reservoirs available around housing complex of the population, to identify whether a high-risk areas as breeding places of Aedes mosquitoes used breeding risk indicator (BRI) and hygiene risk indicator (HRI). Ovitrap or egg traps is one way that can be utilized in the activities of observation and control of dengue vector, such as to identify the density of masquitoes in an area. Dengue viral transmission commonly occurs horizontally from dengue virus human carriers (donor) to other humans infected by Aedes aegypti. Transmission may also occur vertically (transovarial), from gravid female Aedes aegypti infected by dengue virus to the ovum (egg), to describe the proportion of infectious mosquitoes Aedes sp use rate infection transovarial (AIT). Lots of efforts to cut off infection chain of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) have been made by the Health Office of Pekanbaru Municipality. However until today the control of Aedes aegypti cannot be taken effectively. DHF cases at Pekanbaru Municipality are still relatively high and there are many dengue endemic villages. Objective: To identify the comparison of potential breeding place, egg density and transovarial transmission of Aedes aegypti between endemic and sporadic areas at Pekanbaru Municipality. Method: This observational study used cross sectional design. Analysis unit of the study were as many as 268 houses in endemic and sporadic areas at Pekanbaru Municipality. Samples were taken with proportional to population size. The independent variables were potential breeding place, egg density and transovarial transmission of Aedes aegypti whereas the dependent variables was status of endemicity. Data analysis used independent sample t-test. Result: The result of analysis on the condition of potential breeding place of Aedes aegypti based on Breeding Risk Indicator (BRI) p=0.000 affected comparison of endemicity status. The result of Aedes aegypti breeding place condition analysis based on Hygiene Risk Indicator (HRI) p=0.131, egg density in the house (p=0.364), and outside the house (p=0.820) and transovarial transmission (p=0.978) showed that there was no significant difference. Conclusion: Aedes aegypti potential breeding place based on Breeding Risk Indicator (BRI) was risk factor that affected the comparison of endemicity status of Tangkerang Tengah and Padang Bulan Village.

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti,Breeding risk indicator (BRI),Hygiene risk indicator (HRI),Angka indeks transovarial, Breeding Risk Factor (BRI), Hygiene Risk Indicator (HRI), Ovitrap Index (OI), Rate infection Transovarial (AIT)