Hubungan kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Kuningan

PRAYUDA, Cahyani Wira, Prof. Dr. Dra. Wiryatun Lestariana, Apt

2010 | Tesis | S2 IKM-Gizi dan Kesehatan

Latar belakang: Konsekuensi fungsional anemia gizi besi (AGB) pada sisiwa sekolah dasar (SD) adalah terhambatnya pertumbuhan, menurunnya konsentrasi dan prestasi belajar. Penyebab AGB diantaranya adalah kurangnya konsumsi zat besi dan vitamin C dari makanan. Zat besi dan vitamin C banyak terdapat pada sayuran hijau. Kabupaten Kuningan merupakan daerah penghasil sayuran hijau. Prevalensi AGB siswa SD di Kabupaten Kuningan masih tinggi (37%), dan rata-rata hasil UASBN siswa SD tahun 2008 masih di bawah rata-rata Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji hubungan kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar siswa SD di Kecamatan Darma dan Kecamatan Cidahu Kabupaten Kuningan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SD kelas 4,5, dan 6. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara proposional stratified random sampling, besar sampel 90 subyek. Sampel terpilih diukur kadar hemoglobinnya dengan metode sianmethemoglobin, dan prestasi belajar diambil dari nilai hasil ulangan akhir semester (UAS) dan ulangan harian dari mata pelajaran matematika, IPA, dan Bahasa Indonesia. Analisis bivariat dengan uji korelasi, multivariat dengan uji regresi linier ganda. Hasil: Rata-rata kadar hemoglobin responden 12,2 g/dl, prevalensi anemia sebanyak 26,6%. Rata-rata nilai prestasi belajar mata pelajaran matematika 72,1; IPA 71,5; Bahasa Indonesia 73,9 dan secara keseluruhan 72,7. Hasil analisis bivariat terdapat hubungan sangat kuat (r>0,76) dan berpola positif antara kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar (p=0,0001). Hasil analisis multivariat faktor yang berhubungan dengan hadar Hb adalah konsumsi vitamin C dan zat besi (p=0,0001). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan prestasi belajar adalah kadar hemoglobin dan hasil tes kemampuan umum (p=0,0001). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan sangat kuat (r>0,76) dan signifikan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan prestrasi belajar siswa SD di Kecamatan Darma dan Kecamatan Cidahu Kabupaten Kuningan (p=0,0001).

Background: Functional consequences of iron nutrient anemia (INA) in elementary school students (ESS) are slow growth, declining concentration and academic achievement. Causes of INA are among others lack of consumption of iron and vitamin C from foods. Iron nutrient and vitamin C are generally found in green vegetables. The prevalence of INA in ESS at District of Kuningan is relatively high (37%), and the average result of final national examination of ESS in 2008 was still below the average of the Province of Jawa Barat. Objective: To study the relationsship between of hemoglobin level with academic achievement of ESS at District of Darma and Cidahu at Kuningan.Regency. Method: The study was observational that used a cross sectional design. Samples were ESS of grade IV, V and VI with as many as 90 samples as subject taken with proportional stratified random sampling technique. Hemoglobin level of samples was measured using cyanmethemoglobin method and academic achievement was measured from the result of final term evaluation in mathematics, natural sciences, and Bahasa Indonesia. Bivariate analysis used correlations and simpel regression, multivariate used double linear regression test. Result: Avarage of hemoglobin level in ESS 12,2 g/dl and the prevalence of anemia 26,6%. Average score of final term evaluation of ESS in mathematics 72,1; natural sciences 71,5 dan Bahasa Indonesia 73,9. The result of bivariate analysis hemoglobin level showed there was relationship (r>0,76) between significant with academic achievemen (p=0,0001). The result of mutivariate analysis factors affecting level of hemoglobin in ESS were consumption of vitamin C and iron (p=0,0001). Factors affecting of academic achievement in ESS were level of hemoglobin, and result of general capability test (p=0,0001). Conclusion: There was relationship between hemoglobin level with academic achievement of ESS at District of Darma and Cidahu at Kuningan Regency (p=0,0001).

Kata Kunci : Siswa sekolah dasar,Kadar hemoglobin,Prestasi belajar, elementary school students, hemoglobin level, academic achievement