Kajian pengembangan ekowisata berbasis masyarakat di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa

MARTANI, Ilmi Budi, Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Chafid Fandeli, MS

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Kegiatan ekowisata di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa dapat dijadikan solusi alternatif untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dari sisi sosial ekonomi sekaligus menghindari resiko kerusakan ekosistem. Penilitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi produk dan pasar wisata, mendeskripsikan latar belakang sosial budaya, ekonomi masyarakat terkait peluang usaha dan kerja dari kegiatan ekowisata serta menentukan strategi dalam pengembangannya ke depan. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitik secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisa SWOT dipakai sebagai dasar strategi pengembangannya. Hasil pene litian menunjukkan bahwa Taman Nasional Karimunjawa menyimpan potensi produk wisata berupa keanekaragaman ekosisitem dengan berbagai flora dan fauna serta keragaman budaya. Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara masyarakat dengan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa yaitu ketergantungan terhadap sumberdaya alam untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Dengan kegiatan usaha wisata terbukti dapat meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Hasil perhitungan efek ganda ekonomi (multiplier effect) menunjukkan semua usaha wisata memberikan pengaruh terhadap pendapatan masyarakat dengan nilai terbesar (4) pada usaha homestay. Trend kunjungan wisata meningkat dengan rata-rata kunjungan per tahun dari tahun 2000 sampai dengan 2009 sebanyak 4.116 orang (42,67 %). Strategi pengembangan ekowisata berbasis masyarakat dapat dilakukan melalui membangun kesamaan persepsi dan konsep pengembangan ekowisata berbasis masyarakat diantara stakeholder, menyusun strategi operasional pengembangan sebagai tujuan wisata andalan dengan tetap menonjolkan unsur pendidikan, konservasi serta peningkatan ekonomi bagi masyarakat setempat, pembentukan wadah pengelolaan ekowisata, peningkatkan kualitas produk yang dikemas secara kreatif dan variatif dengan melibatkan peran masyarakat, peningkatan kerjasama stakeholder dalam pengembangan dan promosi ekowisata, peningkatan sarana prasarana wisata, pelibatan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, peningkatan peran masyarakat dan stakeholder dalam pengendalian kerusakan lingkungan serta pemerataan hasil usaha wisata melalui peningkatan kapasitas SDM masyarakat.

Ecotourism activities in Karimunjawa National Park can be an alternative solution to socio-economically while empower people while at the same time avoiding the risk of damage to the ecosystem. The study aims to assess the potential of tourism products and markets, describes the social, cultural, and economical background of society in relation to business and employment opportunities from ecotourism activities and to determine the strategy in its future development. The research employed descriptive analytical approach in quantitative and qualitative terms. SWOT Analysis is applied as the basis for its development strategy. The results demonstrated that Karimunjawa National Park has the potential of tourism products such as ecosystem diversity with a variety of flora and fauna as well as cultural diversity. The community has a close relationship with the Karimunjawa National Park, i.e. they rely on natural resources for their living. The ecotourism activities proved to increase the economic income of local communities. The calculation of the economic multiplier effect demonstrated that all tourism businesses affect the income of the community with the largest value (4) at the homestay business. The trend of tourist traffic has increased with average visits per year (for 2000-2009 periods) of 4.116 people (42.67%). Community-based ecotourism development strategy can be implemented by building a common perception and concept of this type of tourism development among stakeholders, by developing operational strategies leading to its development as a tourist destination with the emphasis on the elements of education, conservation and economic improvement for the local community. Other things to consider is the establishment of ecotourism management, improvement of product quality in creative and varied package with the involvement of the community, increased cooperation of the stakeholders in the developm ent and promotion of ecotourism, and improvement of tourism infrastructure. Community involvement in the management of Karimunjawa National Parks, increasing the role of the community and the stakeholders in environmental damage control and equitable distribution of tourism business profit through human resources capacity building needs also to be pursued.

Kata Kunci : Ekowisata berbasis masyarakat,Taman Nasional Karimunjawa,Efek ganda, Community-based ecotourism, Karimunjawa National Park, Multiplier Effect