Evaluasi program karantina dan surveilans epidemiologi surveilans faktor risiko pesawat dari luar negeri di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas II Semarang tahun 2008-2009

ABAS, Hadijah, dr. Mubasysyir Hasan Basri, MA

2010 | Tesis | S2 IKM-Kebijakan dan Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan

Latar Belakang: Suatu kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat yang meresahkan dunia atau Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) telah terjadi dengan munculnya penyakit baru (new emergency disease) yaitu swine flu atau flu babi di Meksiko dan kini telah menjadi pandemi di 214 negara dengan jumlah kematian 17.798 orang, di Indonesia jumlah kasus: 1.097, meninggal: 10 orang terdiri atas 5 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan (WHO,2010). Berdasarkan profil Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas II Semarang tahun 2008 pencapaian program karantina dan surveilans epidemiologi kegiatan pengawasan dan pemeriksaan kedatangan pesawat luar negeri 1.568 pesawat (147%), crew 2.543.075 orang (105%), dan penumpang 2.543.378 orang (102%) Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui cakupan pengendalian faktor risiko dalam pengawasan kedatangan pesawat,crew, dan penumpang dari luar negeri di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas II Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian diskriptif dengan rancangan studi kasus menggunakan metode kuantitatif non statistik dan kualitatif. Sampel adalah data kedatangan pesawat dari luar negeri tahun 2007 dan 2008, Subyek penelitian adalah, Direktur Karantina, Kasubdit Karkes, Kepala KKP, Kepala Seksi Karantina Dan Surveilans Epidemiologi, Koordinator Wilayah Kerja, Pengelola data, petugas surveilans, dan penumpang. Instrumen penelitian adalah panduan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview), cheklist dokumen dan observasi, dilanjutkan dengan analisa data untuk menarik kesimpulan, untuk menjamin validitas data dilakukan triangulasi. Hasil: Tahun 2008 cakupan pesawat yang didesinseksi/sertifikasi 13 atau (0,82%) dari 1.685 pesawat atau (147%). Tahun 2009 cakupan pesawat yang didesinfeksi/sertifikasi, negara yang terjangkit swine flu 0% dari 1.152 pesawat atau (65%). 620 pesawat atau (35%) dari negara tidak terjangkit cakupan desinseksi sertifikasi juga 0%. 154.217 orang, suspect 11 orang, positif 1 orang. Penumpang diberikan Health Alert Card (HAC) cakupannya 0%. Representation of General Declaration (Gendec) tidak diisi lengkap oleh pilots/agent. Kesimpulan: Cakupan pengawasan pesawat ,crew dan penumpang dari luar negeri > 100% merupakan proyeksi. Pencapaian belum didasarkan pedoman, indikator dan kriteria. Dasar hukum tindakan karantina (disinseksi/disinfeksi) belum ada. Indikator pesawat dari luar negeri negara sehat maupun negara terjangkit belum ada, indikator ABK/crew, dan penumpang masih digabung dan kriteria masing- masing belum jelas.

Background: Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) has happened with the emerging of new diseases such as swine flu in Mexico that has become pandemic in 214 countries causing 17,798 deaths. In Indonesia there are 1,097 cases, as many as 10 people died, 5 male and 5 female (WHO, 2010). Arrival of international flight with crew and passengers is risk factor that has to be analyzed continuously to prevent the incidence of the spread of particular disease at the airport. Based on the profile of Port Health Office Class II Semarang 2008 achievement of quarantine and epidemiology surveillance program from activities of monitoring and examination of international flights there were 1,568 arrivals (147%), 2,543,075 crew (105%) and 2,543,378 passengers (102%). Objective: To identify coverage of risk factor control in the monitoring, examination of international flight arrivals, crew and passengers at Port Health Office Class II Semarang. Method: The study was descriptive with case study design and quantitative non statistical and qualitative method. Samples were data of international flight arrivals 2007 and 2008. Subject of the study were director of quarantine, head of subdirectorate of health staff, head of airport health office, head of quarantine and epidemiology surveillance section, working area coordinator, data manager, surveillance staff and passengers. Research instruments consisted of indepth interview, document checklist and observation. Data analysis to make conclusion and ensure data validity used triangulation. Result: In 2008 as many as 13 (0.82%) out of 1,658 flights were certified. In 2009, coverage of certified flights from countries attacked by swine flu was 0% out of 1,152 flights (65%) and coverage of certified flight from countries not attacked by swine flu was 0% out of 620 flights (35%). Coverage of 154,217 passengers, sucpect swinie flu/ILI 11 persons, positif 1 person.Passengers given Health Alert Card (HAC) was 0%. Representation of General Declaration (Gendec) was not fully completed by pilots/flight agents. Conclusion: Coverage of monitoring of flights, crew and passengers from overseas > 100% was a projection. Achievement was not yet based on guideline indicataor and criteria. Legal fundament of action Quarantine (disinfection/disinfection) has not is exist .There was no indicator of international flights both from countries with health or suspect. Indicator of crew and passengers were combined; criteria of each were unclear.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi,Karantina,Surveilans,Faktor Risiko, evaluation, quarantine, surveillance, risk factors, crew, passengers, flight