Co-management sumberdaya air minum desa :: Studi di Desa Umiaji Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota batu Jawa Timur

SUSILO, Rachmad Kristiono Dwi, Dr. Suharko

2010 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi

Perubahan-perubahan lingkungan di Kota Batu cukup memprihatinkan. Penggundulan hutan pernah terjadi tahun 1999 menyebabkan sumber-sumber mata air semakin berkurang. Kemudian, kondisi sumberdaya air juga menyebabkan persoalan ketidakmerataan antardesa dan konflik pengelolaan antara negara dan masyarakat. Untuk mengatasi persoalan di atas model pengelolaan sumberdaya air memegang peran penting. Selama ini pengelolaan sumberdaya alam didominasi pengelolaan berlevel negara (state level management) dan pengelolaan berlevel komunitas (community level management). Kedua sistem ini meninggalkan kelemahan-kelemahan. Kemudian munculah sistem pengelolaan yang lebih efektif dan menutupi kelemahan keduanya yang disebut co-management. Berlokasi di Desa Bumiaji, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu, penelitian ini menjelaskan co-management yang dipraktekkan di Desa Bumiaji lewat organisasi khusus yang bernama HIPPAM (Himpunan Penduduk Pemakai Air Minum). Dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dan metode pengumpulan data berupa: wawancara, observasi dan studi arsip ditemukan hasil-hasil, sebagai berikut. Dalam menjalankan sebagai organisasi pengelola sumberdaya air minum ada tiga fase yang dilalui HIPPAM, yakni pertama, fase pembentukan organisasi, fase penataan organisasi dan fase pengembangan jaringan sosial. Penentuan fase berdasarkan prioritas kegiatan yang dilakukan per periode, hasil-hasil yang dicapai pengurus dan interaksi antara HIPPAM dengan lembaga-lembaga lain. Kemudian, dengan delegasi kewenangan penuh pada komunitas, HIPPAM membentuk jaringan sosial untuk membangun pelayanan pada pelanggan. Pada level desa, jaringan sosial dibangun dengan kepala desa, LPMD dan BPD. Sedangkan, pada level lokal, jaringan dibangun dengan Bapemas, Dinas SDAE, KLH dan LSM. Sementara itu, model pengelolaan sumberdaya air minum ini disebut delegated co-management. HIPPAM terbentuk tidak lepas dari pemberian kewenangan penuh mengelola air dari Pemerintah Kota Praja Malang. Keunggulan-keunggulan co-management ini, terutama dilihat dari keberlanjutan & sistem pelayanan pelanggan yang terstandar, jaminan keberlangsungan organisasi, ikut memberdayakan organisasi-organisasi desa lain dan demokratisasi pengelolaan sumberdaya air. Kemudian, co-management masih meninggalkan kelemahan-kelemahan, yakni: belum berkembangnya HIPPAM sebagai organisasi pemberdayaan masyarakat, struktur birokratis yang masih bias elit pola jaringan sosial yang belum kuat dan belum berhasilnya co-management melakukan fungsi integrasi Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi co-management di Desa Bumiaji, yakni perhatian (respect), kepercayan (trust), pengetahuan dan ketrampilan para pelaku co-management.

Environmental changes in Batu quite apprehensive. Deforestation occurred in 1999 caused the springs decreased. Then, the condition of water resources between villages had been experiencing inequality problems and conflict of management between state and society. To overcome the problem above, the model for water resources management plays an important role. So far the model for water resources management is dominated by state-level management and community level management. Because these systems leave the weaknesses, then arise more effective management systems and cover the weaknesses of both socalled co-management. Located in the Bumiaji Village, Bumiaji District, Batu Town, this study describes the co-management as practiced in Bumiaji village through a special organization called HIPPAM (Population Association of Drinking Water Users). By using qualitative research and data collection methods: interviews, observation and study of document, the research found in the results, as follows. In running as a management organization of drinking water resource there are three phases through which HIPPAM, namely, first, the phase of organization formation, the phase of reorganization and the phase of development of social networks. Determination of phases based on priority activities that were carried out each period and the results were achieved by the board and the interaction between HIPPAM with other agencies. Then, with a delegation of full authority in the community, HIPPAM formed social networks to build on customer service. At the village level, social networks were built by the village head, LPMD and BPD. Meanwhile, at the local level, a network built with Bapemas, SDAE Department, Office of Environment and NGOs. The existence of this network to alleviate the cost incurred HIPPAM, in addition to the expanding of programs that are not only economic, but also to environmental issues. Meanwhile, the management model for drinking water resources is called delegated co-management. HIPPAM found couldn’t be separated from giving full authority to manage drinking water from the Municipal Government of Malang. Advantages of this co-management, especially the views of sustainability and customer service systems are standardized, guaranteed sustainability of the organization, participating organizations to empower others and democratization of water resources management. Then, co-management is still leaving the weaknesses, namely: less developed HIPPAM as community empowerment organization, bureaucratic structures that are still biased, pattern of elite social networks that have not been strong and unsuccessful of co-management played the integration function. Factors influencing co-management in Bumiaji Village, namely the respect, trust, the knowledge and skills among players of comanagement.

Kata Kunci : Sumber daya air minum, Co, management,D elegasi, Partisipasi, drinking water resources, co-management, delegated, participation