Uji laboratorium penularan trans-stadial virus dengue pada stadium telur, larva, pupa dan imago dari nyamuk aedes aegypti (Diptera Culicidae)

SERAN, Magdalena Desiree, Dr. drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, SU

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Latar Belakang: Keberadaan virus dengue (DEN) di alam dipertahankan melalui transmisi horizontal dan vertikal (transovarial). Adanya penularan transovarial yang berlanjut menjadi penularan trans-stadial pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti dapat diketahui melalui deteksi antigen virus DEN metode Imunositokimia SBPC (Streptavidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex) dengan antibodi monoklonal DSSC7 sebagai antibodi primer pada sediaan pencet telur (egg squash), head squash larva, squash cephalothorax pupa dan head squash stadium imago yang induknya telah mengisap darah penderita demam berdarah dengue (DBD) tanpa diketahui serotipe virusnya dan infection rate dari masing-masing stadium belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui adanya penularan transovarial virus DEN 2 yang berlanjut menjadi penularan trans-stadial pada Ae. aegypti yang induknya telah diinfeksi virus DEN 2 per oral serta diketahuinya perbedaan transovarial infection rate (TIR) antar stadium. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium, populasi penelitian adalah Ae. aegypti betina (P0) umur rerata 7 hari hasil koloni insektarium yang diinfeksi virus DEN 2 per oral. Telur dari P0 dan progeninya (F1) dikumpulkan secara individual sebelum dilakukan deteksi antigen virus DEN pada sediaan pencet kepala induknya. Telur dari induk (P0) positif virus DEN dikolonisasi menjadi generasi F1. Telur dari generasi F1 positif virus DEN 2 yang ditularkan secara transovarial sebagian dibuat sediaan pencet telur dan sisanya dikolonisasi, kemudian setiap stadium dibuat sediaan squash (head squash larva, squash cephalothorax pupa dan head squash stadium imago). Keberadaan antigen virus DEN diperiksa menggunakan metode Imunositokimia SBPC dengan antibodi monoklonal DSSC7 sebagai antibodi primer. Sampel squash yang diperiksa pada masing-masing stadium sebanyak 50 sampel. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata TIR virus DEN 2 pada Ae. aegypti generasi F2, tertinggi pada stadium imago sebesar 96%, diikuti stadium telur 56%, stadium pupa 36% dan terendah stadium larva sebesar 22%. Hasil uji Anova satu arah (α=0,05) menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,000) rata-rata TIR virus DEN 2 antara keempat stadium. Kesimpulan : Ada penularan trans-stadial virus DEN 2 pada Ae. aegypti yang induknya telah diinfeksi virus DEN 2 secara per oral dengan rata-rata TIR stadium telur, larva, pupa dan imago berbeda secara bermakna.

Background: The existence of dengue (DEN) virus is sustained through horizontal and transovarial transmission. The emergence of transovarial transmission followed by trans-stadial transmission in Aedes aegypti has been proven through DEN virus antigen detection using Streptavidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC) immunocytochemical method with DSSC7 monoclonal antibody as primary antibody in egg squash, larva head squash pupa, cephalothorax squash and imago head squash of which the parent had sucked the blood of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients with unknown virus serotype and unknown infection rate. Objective: The study aimed to identify DEN 2 virus transovarial transmission followed by trans-stadial transmission in Ae aegypti of which its parent had been infected with DEN 2 virus per oral and the difference of transovarial infection rate (TIR) among stages. Method: The study was an experimental research laboratory that used population of female Ae.aegytpi (P0) of seven days old average the result of insectarium colony infected with DEN 2 virus per oral. Eggs of P0 and its progeny (F1) were collected individually prior to detection of DEN virus antigen at head squash of parent. Eggs of P0 with positive DEN 2 virus were colonized to become F1 generation. Eggs of F1 generation with positive DEN 2 virus infected through transovarial transmission were partly made for egg squash and the rest were colonized, then within each was made squash preparation (larva head squash, pupa cephalothorax squash and imago head squash). The presence of DEN virus antigen was checked using SBPC immunocytochemical method with DSSC7 monoclonal antibody as primary antibody. Samples of squash of which its was examined consisted of 50 samples. Result: The highest was at imago stage (96%), followed by egg stage (56%), pupa stage (36%) and the lowest was at larva stage (22%) average TIR of DEN 2 virus at Ae. aegypti stage of F2 generation. The result of one way Anova (α=0.05) showed significant difference (p=0.000) of average DEN 2 virus TIR in the four stages. Conclusion: There was differently significant DEN 2 virus trans-stadial transmission in Ae.aegypti of which its parent had been DEN 2 virus infected per oral at average TIR of egg, larva, pupa and imago stage.

Kata Kunci : transmisi trans-stadial, virus Dengue, Aedes aegypti, trans-stadial transmission, dengue virus, Aedes aegypti