Profil lemak anak overweight atau obese vegetarian dan non vegetarian di Denpasar

PURWANA, I Nyoman Arie, dr. I Kompyang Gede Suandi, Sp.A

2010 | Tesis | S2 MSPPDS-Ilmu Kesehatan Anak

Obesitas merupakan salah satu masalah di negara-negara industri. Data pada tahun 2007 menunjukkan anak-anak prasekolah di Amerika Serikat usia 2-5 tahun sebanyak 12,4% menderita kegemukan, anak sekolah usia 6-11 tahun sebanyak 17% menderita kelebihan berat badan dan anak-remaja usia 12-19 tahun sebanyak 17,6%. Di Indonesia prevalensi obesitas menurut data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) menunjukkan peningkatan. Peningkatan ukuran IMT pada anak ada hubungannya dengan peningkatan kejadian sindrom metabolik. Pemeriksaan kolesterol total, HDL, LDL dan trigliserida merupakan pemeriksaan profil lemak yang paling banyak digunakan untuk memprediksi penyakit jantung koroner dan sindrom metabolik. Kami melakukan studi potong lintang (cross sectional) analitik untuk mengetahui perbedaan dan rerata profil lemak anak risk of overweight/obese dengan diet vegetarian dan non-vegetarian. Sebanyak 44 anak risk of overweight/obese terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Kami melakukan pemeriksaan profil lemak dan wawancara dengan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik rerata kolesterol total [144,18 (6,49) berbanding 171,32 (9,35) mg/dl;(p: 0,014)] dan rerata trigliserida [149,86 (22,39) berbanding 264,50 (57,22); (p: 0,025)] antara diet vegetarian dan non-vegetarian. Simpulan penelitian adalah rerata kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada kelompok anak risk of overweight/obese vegetarian lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok anak risk of overweight/obese non-vegetarian

Obesity is major problem in industrial country. In 2007, 12,4% of children aged 2 to 5 years, 17% of children aged 6 to 11 years and 17,6% of adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in the United States were overweight. Survey from SUSENAS showed the increase of obesity prevalence. Increased of BMI were associated with higher levels of the factors in the metabolic syndrome later in life. Lipid profile measurement such as total cholesterol, cholesterol HDL, cholesterol LDL and triglyceride can predict coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome. The aim of study was to know the mean of lipid profile risk of overweight/obese child and association between lipid profile between vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet. We conducted analytical cross sectional study. Forty-four risks of overweight/obese children vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet were recruited in this study. We collected data using history taking, blood examination to know the lipid profile, and a questioner. The results revealed that there were statistical significant between mean total cholesterol [144,18 (6,49) vs. 171,32 (9,35) mg/dl; (p: 0,014)] and mean triglyceride [149,86 (22,39) vs 264,50 (57,22); (p: 0,025)] among risk of overweight/obese vegetarian and nonvegetarian diet. We concluded that risk of overweight/obese children with vegetarian diet had significantly lower mean total cholesterol and triglyceride than children with risk of overweight/obese non-vegetarian diet.

Kata Kunci : obesitas, anak, sindrom metabolik, kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, trigliserida, diet vegetarian, obesity, child, adolescent, metabolic syndrome, lipid profile, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, vegetarian diet