Pengelompokan habitat mangrove di Pantai Timur Teluk kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur

THEEDENS, Kartika Kara, Dr. Erny Poedjirahajoe, MP

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Kawasan rehabilitasi mangrove di Teluk Kupang merupakan salah satu kawasan ekosistem mangrove dan berada di wilayah pesisir yang telah mengalami degradasi sumberdaya pesisir. Hilangnya beberapa faktor habitat yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman sangat mempengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan penanaman.Oleh sebab itu penelitian mengenai pengelompokan habitat tersebut sangat tepat dilakukan guna memberi informasi terhadap kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove yang selanjutnya dapat menjadi acuan dan mempermudah kegiatan-kegiatan ekologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengelompokan habitat Mangrove berdasarkan faktor-faktor habitat : suhu, tebal, lumpur, PH tanah, tekstur tanah, bahan organik, kandungan unsur N P dan K, Oksigen terlarut (DO), arah angin, kecepatan angin, lama genangan, pasang surut, penyinaran matahari, dan tekanan udara serta menganalisa jenis-jenis mangrove yang terdapat pada tiap-tiap kelompok habitat mangrove.Setiap lokasi penelitian dibagi menjadi 3 blok pengamatan. Pada setiap blok dibuat 5 jalur dan setiap jalur dibuat 9 petak ukur dengan ukuran 5 x 5 m untuk sapihan dan semai. Pada setiap petak ukur dilakukan pengukuran terhadap faktor-faktor habitat : suhu, tebal lumpur, pH tanah, tekstur tanah, bahan organik,kandungan unsur N, P, dan K, Oksigen terlarut (DO), arab angin, kecepatan angin, lama genangan, pasang surut, penyinaran matahari, dan tekanan udara. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Hierarchical Cluster Analisis berdasarkan Distance Coefficient, yaitu Euclidean Distance. Selanjutnya, basil penelitian terhadap jumlah individu tanaman mangrove ditabulasi sehingga diperoleh jumlah individu tanaman Mangrove di setiap kelompok habitat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Desa Oeteta, Pantai Timur Teluk Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timuur berdasarkan faktor-faktor habitat ; subu, tebal lumpur,pH tanah, tekstur tanah, bahan organik, kandungan unsur N, P, dan K, Oksigen terlarut (DO), arab angin, kecepatan angin, lama genangan, pasang sumt, penyinaran matahari dan tekanan udara terbentuk menjadi 5 kelompok habitat sedangkan di Desa Tanah Merah, Pantai Timur Teluk Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur berdasarkan faktor-faktor habitat: subu, teballumpur. pH tanah, tekstur tanah, bahan organik, kandungan unsur N, P, dan K, OkSigen terlatut (DO), arah angin, kecepatan angin, pasangg surut, dan tekanan udara terbentuk menjadi 7 kelompok habitat. Jenis-jenis Mangrove yang terdapat pada kelompok habitat mangrove di Desa Oeteta, yaitu Rhizopora stylosa, Avicennia alba, dan Sonneratia alba sedangkan pada ketompok habitat mangrove di Desa Tanah Merah, yaitu Rhizopora stylosa. RhizoptJra apiculata, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, dan Sonneratia caseolaris.

Mangrove rehabilitation area in Kupang Bay is one of the mangrove ecosystem areas in coastal areas that has experienced degradation of coastal resources. The loss of some habitat factors required for plant growth has greatly affected the success rate of planting.Therefore,research on the habitat grouping is highly in dispensable to provide information the mangrove rehabilitation which can then serve as a reference to facilitate the ecological activities. This study was aimed at examining the grouping of mangrove habitats based on habitat factors: temperature, mud thickness, soil pH, soil texture, organic matter, contents of N, P and K, Dissolved Oxygen(DO), wind direction,wind speed, duration of inundation,tide, solar radiation,and air pressure,and analyzing the mangrove types foundin each group of mangrovehabitats. Each locationwas divided into three blocks of observations.Each block consisted of five strips, each of which consisted of nine plots measuring 5 x 5 m for sapling and seedling.In each plot the habitat factors were measured:temperature,mudthickness,soil pH, soil texture,organicmatter, contents0 f N, P and K, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), wind direction, wind speed, duration of inundation,tide, solar radiation,and air pressure.Data were analyzed using Hierarchicall Cluster Analysis method based on Distance Coefficient, i.e. Euclidean Distance, Furthennore, the results of the research on the number of mangrove plants were tabulated in order to obtain the number of individualplants in each group of mangrove habitats. The results showed that in Oeteta village, in the eastern coast of Kupang Bay, EastNusa Tenggara,based on habitat factors: temperature,mud thickness, soil pH, soil texture, organic matter, contents of N, P and K, Dissolved Oxygen (D0), wind direction,wind speed, duration of inundation,tide, solar radiation,and air pressure,there were five groups of habitats, while in Tanah Merah village, in the eastern coast of Kupang Bay, East Nusa Tenggara,based on habitat factors:temperature,mudthickness, soil pH, soil texture, organic matter, contents of N, P and K, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), wind direction,wind speed,durationof inundation,tide, solar radiation,and air pressure, seven groups of habitats were found. The types of mangroves found in the mangrove habitatgroups in Oeteta villagewere RhizoporastylosD,Avicennia alba and Sonneratia alba, while in Tanah Merah village, namely RhizoporastylosD,Rhizopora apiculata, Avicenniaalba,Avicenniamarina,Sonneratiaalba, andSonneratiacaseolarls.

Kata Kunci : Rehabilitasi,Pengelompokan,Habitat mangrove, Rehabilitation,Grouping,MangroveHabitat