Kajian metode kesesuaian lahan untuk beberapa tanaman pangan di Sub Distrik Cristo Rei Distrik Dili

COSTA, Antonio Joao da, Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Hendro S, SU

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Tanah

Tanah merupakan salah satu sumber daya lahan yang berfungsi sebagai media pertumbuhan tanaman, habitat bagi organisme tanah, media rekayasa, sistem daur ulang bagi unsur hara dan sisa -sisa organik serta sistem pasokan air. Setiap tanah mempunyai sifat dan keterbatasan masing-masing yang akan menentukan kemampuannya. Survei tanah dapat memberikan informasi tentang karakteristik sumber daya alam, terutama tentang sifat-sifat dan faktor pembatasnya untuk tujuan tertentu. Informasi ini sangat diperlukan untuk tujuan evalua si kesesuaian lahan bagi komoditas pertanian. Pengembangan komoditas pertanian melalui evaluasi lahan, peneliti telah melakukan kajian metode kesesuaian lahan untuk beberapa tanaman pangan di Lahan Fakultas Pertanian UNTL Desa Hera, Sub -distrik Cristo Rei, Distrik Dili selama 5 bulan, yakni Agustus-Desember, 2009. Total lahan yang dievaluasi seluas 20,617 ha (99,96%) setara 21 ha (100%) dengan sistem grid pada skala 1:10.000 (skala kerja). Survey tanah menghasilkan tiga (3) satuan peta tanah (SPT) yang mas ingmasing didasarkan pada profil tanah. Hasil pengamatan profil tanah di lapangan dan analisis sampel tanah di laboratorium, meliputi tekstur, permeabilitas, pH tanah, C - organik, Kation-dd (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, H), DHL, N -total, P2O5 tersedia, K2O tersedia dan sifat fisik lainnya serta data iklim Desa Hera. Dari hasil analisis tanah dan iklim menunjukkan bahwa tanah di Lahan Fakultas Pertanian UNTL adalah Entisol pada SPT 1 dengan Great group Ustipsamments dan Haplustepts untuk Inceptisol pada SPT 2 dan SPT 3 berdsarkan sistem klasifikasi tanah menurut USDA (2003). Curah hujan Desa Hera setinggi 936 mm/tahun dengan regim suhu tanah Isohipertermik. Penyebaran tanah Entisol di sepanjang sungai sebelah barat Fakultas Teknik UNTL dan Inceptisol, meliputi wilayah Rai Kotuk sampai Hudi Laran/Sebelah Timur SMA 4 Hera. Data tanah dan iklim dari hasil pengamatan di lapangan dan analisis sampel tanah di Laboratorium dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam evaluasi kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman jagung, kedelai, kacang tan ah dan kacang hijau dengan sistem matching. Hasil evaluasi kesesuaian lahan berdasarkan sistem Limitasi Sederhana LPT Bogor menunjukkan bahwa: SPT 1 : jagung, kacang tanah, kedelai dan kacang hijau = S3nm SPT 2 : jagung = S2fwn, kedelai, kacang tanah dan kacang hijau = S3n SPT 3 : jagung, kacang tanah, kacang hijau = S3n, kedelai =S3fn.

Soil is one of the land resource which acts as media for plant growth, a habitat for soil organisms, media engineering, recycling system for nutrients and organic remains as well as water supply systems. Each land has a nature and limitations of each that will determine its ability. Soil survey can provide information about natural resources characteristics, mainly about the nature and limitations factor for a particular purpose. This information is necessary for the purpose of evaluating the suitability of land for agricultural commodit ies. Agricultural development through land evaluation, researchers have done land suitability assessment for some food crops in the Faculty of Agricultur e land UNTL Hera Village, Sub-district Cristo Rei, Dili District for 5 months from August to December, 2009. The total land area evaluated of 20.617 ha (99.96%) equivalent to 21 ha (100%) with a grid system on a scale of 1:10,000 (the scale of work). Soil survey produces three (3) soil map units (SPT), each of which is based on the soil profile. The result s of field observations soil profile and analysis of soil samples in the laboratory, include texture, permeability, soil pH, organic C, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, H), electricity conductivity, N -total, available P2O5, available K2O and other physical characteristics and climate data Hera Village. From the result of soil and climate analysis showed that the soil at the Faculty of Agriculture land of UNTL is Entisol for SPT 1 with the Great group Ustipsamment and Haplustept of Inceptisol for SPT 2 and SPT 3 based on soil classification system according to USDA (2003). Hera Village rainfall is as high as 936 mm/year with Isohyperthermic soil regime temperature. The spread Entisol along the river west of the Faculty of Engineering UNTL (SPT 1) a nd Inceptisol covers an area Rai Kotuk (SPT 2) until the Hudi Laran/East side of Senior High School 4 Hera (SPT 3). Soil and climate data from field observation and analysis of soil samples in the laboratory can be used as the basic of land suitability eva luation for corn, soybean, peanut and mung bean with a matching system. The results of land suitability evaluation based on simple limitations system LPT Bogor showed that: SPT 1: Corn, peanut, soybean and mung bean = S3nm SPT 2: Soy bean, peanut and mun g bean = S3n, corn = S2fwn SPT 3: Corn, peanut, mung bean = S3n, soy bean = S3fn

Kata Kunci : Kesesuaian lahan,Lahan jagung,Lahan kedelai,Lahan kacang tanah,Lahan kacang hijau, Evaluation of land suitability and land suitability for corn, soy bean, peanuts and mung bean.