Kajian pola dispersi dan potensi pemangsaan Chilocorus politus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) terhadap hama aspidiotus pada tanaman kelapa di Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur
MUKTYAWATI, Ike Septa Fitrianita, Dr. R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi, M.S
2010 | Tesis | S2 BiologiKajian pola dispersi dan potensi pemangsaan Chilocorus politus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) terhadap hama Aspidiotus pada tanaman kelapa di Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2009. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis Aspidiotus, pola dispersi dan potensi pemangsaan C. politus terhadap hama Aspidiotus. Determinasi morfologi untuk mengetahui jenis hama dilakukan di Laboratorium Entomologi Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada dan Laboratorium Biosistimatika Serangga, Fakultas Pertanian, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Determinasi jenis hama Aspidiotus dilakukan dengan analisis morfologi luar antara lain : (1) warna dan tekstur perisai, (2) posisi peletakan telur, (3) jumlah telur per induk, (4) bentuk pygidium, (5) jumlah lempeng dan bentuk gerigi pada lempeng, (6) jumlah dan letak perivulvar, (7) bentuk macroduct dari imago betina. Kajian pola dispersi C. politus dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel tanaman kelapa sebanyak 60 secara acak. Pola dispersi dianalisis menurut Ludwig & Reynolds (1988). Potensi pemangsaan C. politus terhadap hama Aspidiotus diamati setiap hari selama pemeliharaan kohor. Setiap hari individu predator diberi pakan berlebihan berupa koloni Aspidiotus dan banyaknya mangsa yang dimakan dihitung 24 jam kemudian. Hubungan antara populasi predator dengan prosentase daun sehat dianalisis dengan regresi linier. Hasil determinasi menunjukkan bahwa hama Aspidiotus yang terdapat di Lembata adalah Aspidiotus destructor rigidus Reyne dan Aspidiotus destructor Sign. Pola dispersi C. politus pada tanaman kelapa mengelompok (kˆ =0,354; d=2,310). Potensi pemangsaan C. politus ditunjukkan dengan daya makan dan secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh stadium perkembangan larva. Rata-rata pemangsaan per hari seekor C.politus fase larva instar 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 dan imago berturut-turut 16,04; 26,22; 36,09; 46,98 dan 38,53 ekor. Hubungan antara populasi predator dan prosentase daun yang sehat, Y= 49,476+0,13X; R2=0,4549 menunjukkan bahwa predator secara signifikan meningkatkan kesehatan tanaman. Daya makan predator ini mengindikasikan potensinya sabagai agen pengendalian hayati hama Aspidiotus.
The study on dispersion pattern and predation of Chilocorus politus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) against Aspidiotus pest on coconut palm in Lembata, East Nusa Tenggara had been carried out in May to August 2009. The objectives of the study were to study species Aspidiotus on coconut palm, the dispersion pattern and predation of C, politus against Aspidiotus pest. Determination of the pest was conducted at Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Biology University of Gadjah Mada and at Insects Biosystematics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Bogor Institute of Agriculture. Aspidiotus pest species determination was done by external morphology analysis: (1) color and texture of scale, (2) egg laying position, (3) pygidium form, (4) number of plates and form serrations on the plate, (5) the number and location of perivulvar, (6) macroduct form of a female adult. The study of dispersion pattern for C. politus was done by counting in situ predator number (larvae, pupae, adults) at every of 60 coconut- trees samples that where taken at random. Dispersion pattern was analyzed according to Ludwig & Reynolds (1988). Predation rate of C. politus against Aspidiotus was determined during culturing a cohort. Single predator was over-supplied with Aspidiotus colony and the number of prey eaten was then counted at 24 hours later. The relationship between predator population and percentage of healthy leaves was analyzed with linear regression. The results of determination showed that the Aspidiotus found in Lembata were Aspidiotus destructor rigidus Reyne and Aspidiotus destructor Sign. Dispersion pattern of C. politus on coconut palm was clumped ( kˆ =0,354; d=2,310). Predation rate of C. politus was indicated by feeding capacity and it was significantly influenced by larval development. Predation rate per day of single C.politus for instar of 1, 2, 3, 4, and adult were 16.04; 26.22; 36.09; 46.98 and 38.53 individuals of Aspidiotus, respectively. The relationship between predator populations (X) and the percentage of healthy leaves showed that the predator significantly enhanced plant health; Y= 49,476+0,13X; R2=0,4549. These predation rates indicated potency of C. politus as a biological control agent of the Aspidiotus pest.
Kata Kunci : kelapa, Aspidiotus, Chilocorus politus, dispersi, pemangsaan, Lembata, coconut, dispersion, predation
