Studi mobilitas ion Cd2(plus) di lingkungan budidaya tanaman melon (Cucumis Melo L.), Desa Argomulyo, Kec. Cangkriman, Kab. Sleman

NATSIR, Taufik Adbdillah, Dr. Eko Sugiharto

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang dinamika ion Cd di dalam budi daya pertanian tanaman melon (Cucumis melo L.), Desa Argomulyo, Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh sifat kimia-fisik tanah terhadap logam berat Cd, penilaian terhadap dampak logam Cd, menentukan sumber Cd, dan bioakumulasi logam Cd di dalam tanaman budidaya melon. Penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan sampel tanah pada bulan April, Mei, dan Juni tahun 2009, dan sampel tanaman pada bulan Juni 2009 saat waktu panen tiba. Tanah dianalisis kandungan Cd total, kandungan Cd terlarut, dan sifat kimia-fisiknya yang meliputi, kandungan P-total, P-tersedia, N-total, material organik, tekstur, kapasitas penukar kation (KPK), dan pH. Sampel tanaman dilakukan analisis kandungan Cd pada jaringan akar, batang, daun dan buah. Dilakukan pula analisis kandungan Cd di dalam pupuk yang digunakan oleh petani untuk menentukan sumber Cd di lokasi penelitian. Koefisien distribusi merupakan rasio kandungan logam berat total dan kandungan logam terlarut yang menggambarkan penahanan logam berat oleh tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien distribusi Cd dipengaruhi oleh P-tersedia. Lacatusu telah membuat kriteria penilaian lingkungan yang didasarkan pada standar Belanda dimana menggunakan indeks C/p sebagai penilaian kriteria. Kondisi lingkungan di lokasi penelitian berdasarkan pada kriteria yang dibuat oleh Lacatusu berada pada kondisi terpolusi oleh Cd. Sumber pencemaran Cd di lokasi penelitian diperkirakan berasal dari aktifitas manusia (antropogenic) yang berupa penggunaan pupuk baik organik maupun anorganik yang mengandung logam Cd yang mengakibatkan tanaman melon mengakumulasi Cd. Akumulasi logam Cd terbesar di dalam jaringan daun.

A study on the dynamic of Cd2+ ion in crop cultivation of environment of melon (Cucumis melo L.) plant has been conducted in Argomulyo village, Cangkringan, Sleman. The objectives of this research are to investigate the influence of physico-chemical properties of soil towards the mobility of Cd2+ ion, impact assessment of Cd, determination of the source of Cd, and bioaccumulation of Cd in plant tissues of melon. Research was conducted by first taking soil samples in April, Mei, and June 2009, and plant samples in June 2009 during the harvest time. Soil samples were analyzed for total Cd, dissolved Cd, and their physico-chemical properties which include total P, available P, total N, organic matter, texture, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and pH. While plant tissues were analyzed for the content of Cd in root, leaves, stem, and fruit. Fertilizers were analyzed for content of Cd to determine source of Cd. Coefficient distribution is ratio of total content and dissolved content of Cd which described retention of Cd in soil. The results showed that coefficient distributions of Cd in soil were affected by available P. Lacatusu had made assessment criteria of environmental which based on Dutch standard and use C/p index as criteria assessment. Based on criteria made by Lacatusu, environmental condition was polluted by Cd. Source of Cd in this area was estimated caused by anthropogenic activities that came from either organic or inorganic fertilizer which contain Cd. which lead to the accumulation of Cd in plant tissues of melon. The higgest level of Cd’s accumulation was found in leave tissues.

Kata Kunci : Kadmium,Tanah,Koefisien distribusi partisi, cadmium, soil, partition distribution coefficient, melon