Efektivitas dan efisiensi distribusi raskin Perum Bulog Divre Kalimantan Timur di Kota Balikpapan

ADINUGROHO, Langgeng Wisnu, Prof. Dr. Ir. Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto, MS

2010 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manajemen Agribisnis

Program Beras Untuk Keluarga Miskin (Raskin) merupakan salah satu komitmen pemerintah dalam upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan. Program Raskin membantu penyediaan sebagian kebutuhan pangan pokok keluarga miskin. Melalui program Raskin bersama program bantuan penanggulangan kemiskinan lainnya diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat yang nyata dalam meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan sosial rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas dan efisiensi distribusi Raskin Perum Bulog Divre Kalimantan Timur di Kota Balikpapan serta mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi efektifitas dan efisiensi distribusi Raskin tersebut. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini metode deskriptif analisis, sedangkan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa data target dan realisasi distribusi Raskin oleh Perum Bulog Divisi Regional Kalimantan Timur selama tahun 2008 untuk wilayah Kota Balikpapan. Selain itu juga data klasifikasi keluarga di seluruh wilayah kelurahan yang ada di Kota Balikpapan yang diperoleh dari Pemerintah Kota Balikpapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi Raskin oleh Perum Bulog Divisi Regional Kalimantan Timur selama tahun 2008 untuk wilayah Kota Balikpapan adalah efektif, pada masing-masing indikator 6 T yang meliputi, Tepat Sasaran Penerima Manfaat, Tepat Jumlah, Tepat Harga, Tepat Waktu, Tepat Administrasi dan Tepat Kualitas sedangkan hasil perhitungan efisiensi menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan distribusi Raskin Perum Bulog Divre Kalimantan Timur di Kota Balikpapan sangat efisien dengan rasio efisiensi secara total sebesar 96,65 % . Adapun berdasarkan analisis regresi logistik serta perhitungan marginal effect diketahui bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi secara signifikan dalam pelaksanaan distribusi Raskin oleh Perum Bulog Divisi Regional Kalimantan Timur selama tahun 2008 untuk wilayah Kota Balikpapan meliputi (1) kelengkapan administrasi berpengaruh sebesar 64 %, (2) Jarak titik distribusi berpengaruh sebesar -6,7 %, (3) Ketepatan waktu pembayaran berpengaruh sebesar 33,6 %, (4) Mekanisme pembayaran berpengaruh sebesar 70,8 % dan (5) Jumlah RTM tidak signifikan dan berpengaruh sangat kecil sebesar -0,003 %. Saran sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam upaya lebih mengefektifkan serta meningkatkan efisiensi pelaksanaan distribusi Raskin Perum Bulog Divre Kalimantan Timur di Kota Balikpapan adalah sebagai berikut, (1) Pemutakhiran data kemiskinan sehingga data penduduk miskin sebagai penerima manfaat lebih akurat serta lebih cepat dalam penerbitan Surat Perintah Alokasi (SPA), (2) Segera dirumuskan tentang standar atau ukuran kemiskinan yang berlaku secara nasional, (3) Koordinasi, sinkronisasi dan keterpaduan antar program penanggulangan kemiskinan, (4) Pola distribusi Raskin di Kota Balikpapan dapat dijadikan sebagai model pelaksanaan distribusi Raskin di seluruh Indonesia.

The Rice for the Poor Family Program (Raskin) is one of the commitments made by the government as the effort to cope with poverty. The Raskin program helps half of the fulfillment of the need of basic food for the poor family. Hopefully, the Raskin program, with the other poverty coping programs, could give real benefit in improving food tenacity and family social prosperity. The objective of this research was to find the effectiveness and the efficiency of the Raskin distribution by the East Kalimantan regional division of Perum Bulog in Balikpapan City, and also to find out the factors influencing the effectiveness and the efficiency that Raskin distribution. This research applied descriptive analysis method, while the data which were used in this research were the secondary data in the form of target and realization data of Raskin distribution by the East Kalimantan regional division of Perum Bulog during the year of 2008 for the area of Balikpapan City. Besides that, there were also the family classification data in the entire area of the villages in the Balikpapan City which were obtained from the Balikpapan City Government. The findings showed that the Raskin distribution by the East Kalimantan regional division of Perum Bulog during the year of 2008 for the area of Balikpapan City was effective, on each of the 6T indicators, which are Appropriate Benefit Receiver, Exact Amount, Exact Price, Exact Time, Appropriate Administration, and Exact Quality, while the efficiency calculation showed that the Raskin distribution by the East Kalimantan regional division of Perum Bulog during the year of 2008 for the area of Balikpapan City was highly efficient with the total efficiency ratio was as big as 96,65% . Turned out, based on the logistic regression analysis and marginal effect calculation, it was found that the factors significantly influencing in the Raskin distribution by the East Kalimantan regional division of Perum Bulog during the year of 2008 for the area of Balikpapan City were (1) Administration completeness, has the influence as big as 64%, (2) The distance of the distribution points, as big as -6,7%, (3) Punctuality of the paying time, as big as 33,6%, (4) Paying mechanism, as big as 70,8%, and (5) The number of RTM which were insignificant and only having a little influence, as big as -0,003%. These are the suggestions in the effort to improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of the Raskin distribution by the East Kalimantan regional division of Perum Bulog for the area of Balikpapan City: (1) Updating the data about poverty, so, the data of poor people as the benefit receivers become more accurate and it also becomes faster in issuing the Allocation Order Letter, (2) The nation-wide poverty standard measurement is soon to be defined, (3) Coordination, synchronization, and cohesiveness among the poverty coping programs, (4) The pattern of Raskin distribution in Balikpapan City can be the model of the Raskin distribution in Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : Kemiskinan,Program raskin,Efektivitas dan efisiensi, Poverty, Raskin Program, effectiveness and efficiency