Strategi pemanufakturan sebagai variabel pemediasi antara strategi kompetitif dan kinerja perusahaan

KURNIAWAN, Ignatius Soni, Drs. Wakhid Slamet Ciptono, MBA., MPM

2010 | Tesis | S2 Manajemen

Penelitian ini mengembangkan suatu model strategi pemanufakturan dengan mengambil model dari Amoako-Gyampah dan Acquaah (2008), dan kapabilitas kumulatif dari Amoako-Gyampah dan Meredith (2007). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah strategi pemanufakturan memediasi hubungan antara strategi kompetitif dan kinerja perusahaan, hubungan antar kapabilitas pemanufakturan (fleksibilitas, kualitas, pengiriman, biaya rendah), serta menguji apakah kualitas merupakan pondasi bagi pengembangan kapabilitas kumulatif.Penelitian mengambil sampel perusahaan-perusahaan manufaktur yang berlokasi di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Jawa Barat. Metode penarikan sampel adalah nonprobabilitas, dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik mail survey dengan kuestioner dikirim melalui pos dan teknik e-mail survey. Jumlah kuestioner yang diolah adalah sebanyak 104 kuestioner, dengan rincian 79 kuestioner diperoleh dari mail survey dan 25 kuestioner dari e-mail survey. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan path analysis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing komponen strategi kompetitif berpengaruh pada keempat dimensi strategi pemanufakturan, namun strategi kompetitif tidak berpengaruh langsung pada kinerja perusahaan. Temuan menunjukkan dari keempat dimensi strategi pemanufakturan hanya kualitas yang berpengaruh pada kinerja perusahaan. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa strategi kompetitif berpengaruh kepada kinerja perusahaan melalui kualitas. Temuan menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi negatif diantara kapabilitas pemanufakturan, yang artinya tidak terdapat trade-off dalam pengembangan kapabilitas. Temuan juga mendukung bahwa kualitas merupakan pondasi bagi pengembangan kapabilitas kumulatif.

This research will develop a model of manufacturing strategy by adopting that from Amoako-Gyampah and Acquaah (2008), and cumulative capabilities from Amoako-Gyampah and Meredith (2007). It is to examine whether or not the manufacturing strategy mediate a relationship between competitive strategies and firm performance and that between manufacturing capabilities (such as flexibility,quality, delivery, and low cost), as well as to find out whether or not the quality is a foundation for the development of cumulative capabilities.The research collected a sample of manufacture firms located in Jababeka Industrial Estate, West Java Province. The sampling was conducted by applying a non-probability method with a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by using mail survey technique with questionnaires being sent via post and e-mail survey technique. Number of questionnaires processed was 104 with 79 being received from mail survey and 25 from e-mail survey. The data collected were then analyzed by using a path analysis technique.The result of the research indicates that each component of the competitive strategies influenced four dimensions of manufacturing strategy, but the strategies did not directly influence the firm performance. The finding shows that of the four dimensions of the strategies, only quality influenced the firm performance. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the competitive strategies influence the firm performance through quality. Moreover, it can be known also that there was no negative correlation between the manufacturing capabilities, meaning that there was no trade-off in the development of capabilities. The finding also confirms that the quality was a foundation for the development of cumulative capabilities.

Kata Kunci : Strategi kompetitif,Strategi pemanufakturan, Kinerja perusahaan, Kapabilitas kumulatif,Kualitas,Path analysis, Competitive strategies; Manufacturing strategy; Firm performance; Cumulative capabilities;