Reversibilitas terhadap antispermatogenesis, efek libido dan indeks fertilitas fraksi larut dan tidak larut etil asetat dari ekstrak etanol akar senggani (Melastoma polyanthum BI) pada tikus jantan

DJUNARKO, Ipang, Prof. Dr. Zullies Ikawati, Apt

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk eksplorasi lebih lanjut dari fraksi larut dan tidak larut etil asetat akar senggani yang berkhasiat antispermatogenesis (Bachri, 2004) yang relatif aman, reversibel, tidak mengurangi libido dan indeks fertilitas, sehingga dapat dipakai sebagai kontrasepsi pria. Kedua fraksi dosis 250 dan 500 mg/KgBB diberikan secara peroral 22 hari berturut-turut untuk mendapatkan daya antispermatogenesis dan setengah hewan uji dikorbankan untuk melihat dampak efek toksik pada organ. Setengah sisanya diamati pada hari ke-36 dikawinkan dengan tikus betina untuk pengamatan libido, kemudian dikorbankan untuk membandingkan reversibilitas efek toksik setelah kedua fraksi dihentikan. Indeks fertilitas dihitung dengan mendapatkan data reproduksi tikus betina. Data motilitas dilakukan skoring. Dari data berat testis, berat epididimis, berat vesika seminalis dan prostat tersebut dilakukan analisis statistik general linear model, dilanjutkan dengan analisis statistik multivariat (multivariate test) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Jika hasilnya signifikan dilanjutkan dengan analisis post hoc dengan uji LSD tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Data istopatologi testis, dan organ yang lain serta morfologi sperma dilakukan analisis deskriptif dengan cara membandingkan hasil yang diperoleh dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian pengaruh kedua fraksi dosis 250 dan 500 mg/kgBB terhadap tikus jantan : profil sperma berwarna putih kekuningan, bau khas, viskositas kental, morfologi sperma normal. Jumlah sperma dan motilitas sperma kedua fraksi mengalami penurunan dan kemampuan motilitas seiring meningkatnya dosis yang menghambat proses spermatogenesis. Reversibilitas organ vesika seminalis dan prostat fraksi larut etil asetat dosis 500 mg/KgBB belum sempurna dalam meningkatkan kapasitas sperma kembali. Tidak terjadi reversibilitas histologi organ testis yang ditunjukkan dengan tetap terjadi penurunan spermatogenesis. Reversibilitas kurang sempurna terjadi pada organ paru, hati dan ginjal berupa hiperemi pada kedua dosis fraksi etil asetat akar senggani. Kedua fraksi dosis 250 dan 500 mg/KgBB tidak mempengaruhi libido tikus jantan. Fraksi larut etil asetat dosis 250 dan 500 mg/KgBB mempengaruhi indeks fertilitas tikus jantan terhadap penurunan jumlah hasil reproduksi tikus betina. Fraksi larut etil asetat akar senggani dosis 500 mg/KgBB memiliki sifat reversibilitas yang belum sempurna yang menyebabkan penurunan spermatogenesis, sehingga menurunkan indeks fertilitas tikus jantan, meskipun tidak berpengaruh terhadap libido.

This research is addressed for further exploration of ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fractions of etanol extract senggani root that can be used as the antispermatogenesis (Bachri, 2004), which is relatively safe, reversible, do not decrease libido and fertility so that it can be used as contraseption in male. Both the doses of fraction 250 and 500 mg/KgBW was given orally in 22 days to get the antispermatogenesis capacity and half of experiment animals were sacrificed to see the toxic effect in organ. Another half of experiment animals were observed in day 36 and it was breed with female mouse for libido observation. Next, those animals were sacrificed to compare the reversibility of toxic effect after both fraction had been stopped. The fertility index was counted to get the reproduction data of female mouse. Then, the motility data was made into score. Next, the statistic analysis of general linear model was done from the data of testis weight, epididymis weight, vesica seminalis weight and prostate. It was continued to multivariate test using 95% level of trust. If the level is significant, it will be continued to post hoc analysis using 95% level of trust of LSD test. The data of histopathology testis,other organ and also morphology of the sperm were done into descriptive analysis by comparing the result with the control group. The result of the effect of fraction doses 250 and 500 mg/KgBW toward male mouse: the color of sperm profile was white brass, specific smell, thick viscosity, normal sperm morphology. There was degradation of the amount of sperm and sperm motility of both fraction and also the motility capability together with the increasing of doses that impeded the process of spermatogenesis. The reversibility of vesica seminalis organ and prostate ethyl acetate fraction 500 mg/KgBW dose have not perfect yet in increasing the capacity of the sperm. There was no the reversibility histology of testis organ that was shown by the degradation of spermatogenesis. Less perfect revbersibility happened in lungs organ, lever, and kidneys in a form of hiperemi on both doses of ethyl acetate soluble of senggani root. Both fractions doses of 250 and 500 mg/KgBW did not influence the libido of male mouse. However, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction 250 and 500 mg/KgBW influenced the fertility index of male mouse toward the degradation of reproduction amount in female mouse. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of senggani root had not completely reversible that could cause the degradation of spermatogenesis. It could influence the fertility index of male mouse although it did not influence toward libido.

Kata Kunci : Fraksi larut etil asetat,Fraksi tidak larut etil asetat,Antispermatogenesis,Reversibilitas,Libido,Indeks fertilitas ; ethyl acetate soluble fraction, ethyl acetate insoluble fraction, antispermatogenesis, reversibility, libido, fertility index.