Perbandingan antara metode informasi secara lisan disertai tulisan dengan lisan disertai visual dalam peningkatan pengetahuan pasien tentang tindakan medik anestesi umum sebelum pemberian persetujuan tindakan kedokteran

YULIWIDODO, R. Fajar, Dr. Yusmein Uyun, Sp.An.(K)

2010 | Tesis | S2 PPDS 1-Anestesiologi dan Reanimasi

Latar belakang. Pengetahuan merupakan domain yang sangat penting untuk menimbulkan tindakan seseorang terutama pada orang dewasa. Terbentuknya kesadaran (overt behavior) seseorang untuk melakukan tindakan dimulai dengan pemberian informasi yang jelas dan benar melalui pemberian pengetahuan. Pengetahuan berfungsi untuk menciptakan atau menghilangkan ambiguitas, pembentukan nilai sikap, perluasan sistem keyakinan masyarakat dan penegasan atau penjelasan nilai-nilai tertentu, sehingga dengan pengetahuan seseorang dapat melakukan tindakan. Bentuk metode informasi yang dapat mendukung peningkatan pengetahuan tentang tindakan anestesi umum sebelum pemberian persetujuan tindakan kedokteran. Tujuan: Mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan antara metode informasi secara lisan disertai tulisan dengan lisan disertai visual tentang tindakan medik anestesi umum sebelum pemberian persetujuan tindakan kedokteran di Bagian Anestesiologi dan Reanimasi RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah Quasi Experimental dengan rancangan pre test post test control group design. Sampel dikelompokkan menjadi dua yaitu kelompok lisan disertai tulisan dan kelompok lisan disertai visual. Jumlah sampel 76 orang yaitu pasien yang berumur 18-55 tahun. Sampel dipilih melalui purposive sampling atas dasar karakteristik responden. Pengukuran: Data dikumpulkan dengan kuisioner. Langkah-langkah pengolahan data adalah editing, coding, entry, dan cleaning. Analisa data: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata peningkatan pengetahuan pasien tentang tindakan medis anestesi umum antara kelompok metode pemberian informasi secara lisan disertai tulisan dan lisan disertai visual digunakan t-test. Uji homogenitas karakteristik responden digunakan kai kuadrat (chi square). Pengaruh variabel luar terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan seperti umur, pendidikan, pengalaman dan informasi dari luar diujikan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier ganda (multiple regression linier) dengan taraf signifikansi 95 persen (p<0.05). Hasil penelitian: Peningkatan pengetahuan pasien tentang tindakan medik anestesi umum antara kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05). Pemberian informasi sebelum pemberian persetujuan tindakan kedokteran melalui metode informasi lisan disertai visual terbukti lebih baik dibandingkan metode informasi lisan disertai tulisan terhadap peningkatan skor pengetahuan pasien tentang tindakan medik anestesi umum dengan rerata peningkatan sebesar 11,95 dengan nilai p < 0,01 (p = 0,000). Informasi atau pengalaman yang pernah diperoleh pasien mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap peningkatan skor pengetahuan p < 0,05 (p = 0,02). Kesimpulan. Metode pemberian informasi secara lisan disertai tulisan dan lisan disertai visual terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan pasien tentang tindakan medik anestesi umum, namun demikian perbedaan peningkatan di antara kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna.

Background. Knowledge is an important domain to stimulate one’s action, especially the action of adults. The formation of one’s overt behavior to stimulate his or her action starts from clear and right information through knowledge transfer. The knowledge functions to create or to eliminate ambiguity, to form an attitude, to broaden people’s belief and to confirm or to explain certain values that it enables one to do an action. It is necessary to identify the method to give information that supports the effectiveness to improve the knowledge of preoperative general anesthesia. Objective: The study aims at finding out the method to orally give information and followed by written form accompanied by visual presentation that can increase the knowledge of the patients about the medical treatment of preoperative general anesthesia in the Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department of Dr. Sardjito Public Hospital. Method: It is a quasi-experimental study with pre test posttest control group design. The samples are classified into two groups, which are oral group accompanied by written form and oral group accompanied by visual presentation. The number of the samples is 76 subjects, who are the patients of 18-55 years of age. They are drawn using purposive sampling based on the characteristics of the respondents. Measurement: The data is collected using questionnaire. The steps in the data processing are editing, coding, entry, and cleaning. Data analysis: A t-test is conducted to find out the difference in the mean score of the patients’ knowledge about the medical treatment of general anesthesia between the group of information given orally and accompanied by written form and the group of information given orally and accompanied by visual presentation. A chisquare analysis is made to find out the homogeneity of the respondents’ characteristics. A linear multiple regression is used to find out the impact of the external variable of the improvement of the patients’ knowledge as age, education, experience and information at the significance 95 percent (p<0.05). Study results: The increase in the patients’ knowledge score about the medical treatment of general anesthesia does not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). The information is given using oral method and accompanied by visual presentation before the informed consent is proven to be very effective as compared to the information given using oral method and accompanied by written form in increasing the patients’ knowledge score about the medical treatment of general anesthesia with the mean of 11.95 and p < 0.01 (p = 0.000). The information and the experience that have been obtained by the patients are significantly correlated with the increase in the knowledge score p < 0.05 (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The information that is given using oral method and accompanied by visual presentation is more effective in increasing the patients’ knowledge score about the medical treatment of general anesthesia before the informed consent as compared to the information that is given using oral method and accompanied by written form

Kata Kunci : Informed consent, Peningkatan pengetahuan, Tindakan anestesi umum, informed consent, patients’ knowledge score, general anesthesia