Hubungan antara karakteristik demografi, beban mengajar, status ekonomi, pengetahuan dan sikap guru dengan perilaku guru dalam program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di sekolah dasar :: Studi kasus di 3 sekolah dasar Pontianak Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

HUSNA, Amakhul, drg. Sri Widiati, MPH

2010 | Tesis | S2 Magister Kesehatan Gigi Pencegahan dan Promosi

Latar Belakang: Kegiatan pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dapat dijalin melalui kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan antara tenaga kesehatan dengan pihak sekolah atau komite sekolah. Kota Pontianak memiliki 29 sekolah dasar, akan tetapi hanya 2 sekolah dasar negeri dan 1 sekolah dasar swasta (10,34%) yang menyelenggarakan program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut; sisanya 26 (89,66%) sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Pontianak Kota belum menyelenggarakan program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik demografi, beban kerja, status ekonomi, pengetahuan dan sikap guru dengan perilaku guru dalam program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di SD Pontianak Kota Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei dengan rancangan cross sectional. Variabel bebas adalah: umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, beban mengajar, rangkap jabatan, pengetahuan, dan sikap guru. Variabel terikatnya yaitu perilaku guru dalam program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di SD. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 76 orang, menggunakan tehnik total populasi, di 3 SD di Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji regresi berganda. Hasil: Hasil uji regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan bermakna antara variabel status ekonomi (ß =-0,153; p=0,017), pengetahuan (ß=0,311; p=0,022), sikap (ß=-0,332; p=0,007) dengan perilaku guru dalam program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di SD Pontianak Kota Provinsi Kalimantan Barat p<0,05. Faktor-faktor tersebut memberikan kontribusi pengaruh terhadap perilaku guru dalam program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di SD Pontianak Kota Provinsi Kalimantan Barat sebesar 31,8%, dengan rincian yaitu: status ekonomi= 4,4%, pengetahuan= 11,4%, dan sikap= 16,0%. Kesimpulan: (1) Semakin baik status ekonomi semakin baik perilaku guru dalam program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. (2) Semakin baik pengetahuan dan sikap guru semakin baik perilaku guru dalam program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di SD Pontianak Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. (3) Sikap memberikan kontribusi pengaruh paling besar terhadap perilaku guru dalam program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut SD di Pontianak Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. (4) Umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, beban mengajar, rangkap jabatan tidak ada hubungannya dengan perilaku guru dalam program pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut SD di Pontianak Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat.

Background: Activities of dental and oral health care service can be carried out through mutual cooperation between health staff and schools or school committees. There are 29 elementary schools in Pontianak Municipality; however only 2 public elementary schools and 1 private elementary school (10.34%) are covered by dental and oral health care service program; the rest (89.66%) are not yet covered by the program. Objective: The study aimed to identify association between demografi characteristics, workload, economic status, knowledge and attitude of teachers and their behavior in the program of dental and oral health care service at elementary schools of Pontianak Municipality, Province of Kalimantan Barat. Method: The study was survey with a cross sectional design. The independent variables were age, gender, education, teaching workload, double responsibilities, knowledge and attitude of teacher. The dependent variable was behavior of teachers in the program of dental and oral health care service at elementary schools. There were 76 students as samples taken with total sampling technique at 3 elementary schools in Pontianak Municipality. Data were obtained through questionnaire and analyzed with multiple regression. Result: The result of multiple regression showed there was significant association between variables of economic status (ß=-0.153; p=0.017), knowledge (ß=0.311; p=0.022), attitude (ß=-0.332; p=0.007) and behavior of teachers in the program of dental and oral health care service. Such factors contributed effect to the behavior of teachers in the program of dental and oral health care service as much as 32.0%, consisting of economic status 4,4%, knowledge=11.4% and attitude=16.0%. Conclusion: (1) There was association between economic status and behavior of teachers in the program of dental and oral health care service. (2) Better knowledge and attitude of teachers meant better behavior of teachers in the program of dental and oral health care service at elementary schools. (3) Attitude gave the greatest contribution to the behavior of teachers in the program of dental and oral health care service at elementary schools of Pontianak Municipality, Province of Kalimantan Barat. (4) Age, gender, education, teaching workload, double responsibilities had no association with behavior of teachers in the program of dental and oral health care service at elementary schools.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku guru,Asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut,SD, behavior, elementary schools, teachers, dental and oral health