Perilaku pencarian pengobatan penyandang diabetes melitus anggota Persatuan Diabetes Indonesia (Persadia) Kabupaten Kapuas

HANDRIONO, Freddy Jaya, Dra. IM. Sunarsih, SU., Apt

2010 | Tesis | S2 IKM-Perilaku dan Promosi Kesehatan

Latar belakang : Penatalaksanaan terhadap penyandang diabetes di RSUD dr. H. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo Kuala Kapuas dilaksanakan melalui tim diabetic centre dan memfasilitasi pendirian organisasi PERSADIA sebagai wadah berkumpul dan berbagi pengalaman antar penyandang diabetes melitus. Pencarian pengobatan para penyandang diabetes merupakan interaksi dari tiga sektor dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan lokal yaitu sektor popular, sektor profesional dan sektor folk. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku pencarian pengobatan para penyandang diabetes anggota PERSADIA Kabupaten Kapuas. Khususnya persepsi penyandang diabetes terhadap pengobatan medis, dukungan dari sektor profesional dan dampak dari sektor folk sesuai dengan pilihan pengobatan yang dilakukan oleh penyandang diabetes melitus. Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 29 orang penyandang diabetes melitus dan keluarganya. Tim Diabetic centre (3 orang), pengobat alternatif dan komplementer (2 orang). Sampel diambil secara purposive dengan pencuplikan variasi maksimal. Subyek penelitian dari sektor folk digunakan pencuplikan snow ball, untuk professional digunakan pencuplikan pakar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan diskusi kelompok terarah, wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi dan member checking. Hasil : Perilaku pencarian pengobatan penyandang diabetes anggota PERSADIA Kabupaten Kapuas adalah pengobatan sendiri, pengobatan medis dan pengobatan alternatif dan komplementer. Pengobatan medis merupakan pengobatan utama yang dipilih oleh sebagian besar anggota PERSADIA dan pengobatan alternative dan komplementer pengobatan tambahan. Sebagian besar pasien diabetes melitus menggunakan pengobatan laternatif dan komplementer. Persepsi anggota PERSADIA terhadap penyakit diabetes masih kurang baik sehingga memicu pencarian pengobatan alternatif dan komplementer. Edukasi sangat jarang diberikan oleh diabetic centre. PERSADIA sebagai tempat bagi penyandang diabetes melitus saling bertukar informasi tentang pengalaman sebagai penyandang diabetes termasuk penggunaan pengobatan laternatif dan komplenmenter. Kesimpulan : Dukungan secara langsung kepada masyarakat dan penyandang diabetes melitus sangat diperlukan untuk memahami bahaya dari penyakit diabetes melitus. Dinas kesehatan dan rumah sakit perlu mengembangkan pendidikan dan promosi kesehatan kepada sektor folk dan sektor popular yang didasari pemahaman masyarakat terhadap penyakit diabetes melitus dan pengobatannya.

Background: The management of patients at dr. H. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo General Hospital of District Kapuas have been done through diabetic centre team that facilitating and establishing Persatuan Diabetes Indonesia (PERSADIA) as a place to diabetic people to share about their health problem. Health seeking behavior of diabetic patients is the interaction of three sectors of health care system that was popular, professional and folk sectors. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify health seeking behavior among diabetic patients who were the member of PERSADIA. Especially, it sought their perception of medical service, professional support and impact of folk sector according to their choice to get cure. Methods: The study has used qualitative method with phenomenology approach. The subjects were 29, diabetic pattient and added with their family, diabetic centre team (3 persons), and complementary and alternative practitioners (2 persons). The Popular subjects were selected purposively by applying maximum variation sampling. The subjects from folk sector were selected by snowball sampling, professionals were recruited through expert sampling. Data were collected through FGD, indepth interview and observation. The techniques used to test data validity were triangulation and member checking. Results: Health seeking behavior among diabetic patients were self treatment, medical treatments, and complementary and alternative medicine. Medical treatment was the main treatment chosen by most of the member of PERSADIA, while the uses of complementary and alternative medicine were additional. Most of the diabetic patients used complementary and alternative medicines. Perception on diabetes and its treatment of the member of PERSADIA was still lacking, so that it was a trigger to seek complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Education was rarely given by the diabetic centre. PERSADIA served as a place for diabetic people to excange information about their experience with diabetic treatment, including the uses of CAM Conclusions: Direct assistance to the community and people with diabetes mellitus is needed to recognize the vulnerability of the disease. District health office and the hospitals need to develop health education and promotion both for folk and popular sectors which is based on people understanding on diabetes and its treatment.

Kata Kunci : Penyandang diabetes, PERSADIA, Pengobatan medis, Pengobatan alternatif dan komplementer (PAK), Diabetic people, Persatuan Diabetes Indonesia (PERSADIA), medical treatment, alternative and complementary medicine (CAM)