Potensi burung predator Lanius sp. sebagai agens pengendalian hayati hama Sexava coriacea

LALA, Fredy, Prof. Dr. Ir. F.X. Wagiman, S.U

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Potensi burung predator Lanius sp. sebagai agens pengendalian hayati hama Sexava coriacea telah diteliti di Desa Dumagin, Kecamatan Pinolosian Timur, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dalam bulan September-Desember 2009. Burung predator umur 1-1,2 tahun sebanyak 10 ekor diperoleh dari pedagang burung di Yogyakarta. Setelah melalui pemeriksaan kesehatan hewan dan prosedur Karantina, burung dibawa ke lokasi penelitian dengan pesawat udara selama sehari dan perjalanan darat sehari. Kajian pemangsaan oleh burung predator Lanius sp. terhadap belalang S. coriacea dilakukan di bawah kondisi fisik alami dan terkontrol dalam kandang uji. Sebelum kajian dilakukan burung predator diaklimatisasi selama 3 dari dengan pakan jangkrik dan berangsur-angsur diganti dengan belalang S. coriacea. Belalang S. coriacea stadia nimfa muda, nimfa tua, imago jantan, dan imago betina diperoleh dari kebun kelapa setempat dipakai sebagai mangsa predator tersebut. Kajian meliputi aktivitas harian, daya makan, preferensi, dan respon fungsional Lanius sp. terhadap belalang S. coriacea. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Lanius sp. terbukti sebagai kandidat agens pengendalian hayati yang menjanjikan terhadap hama belalang S. coriacea. Lanius sp. termasuk burung diurnal; aktivitas siang hari didominasi berburu mangsa dan makan (16,52%), diikuti terbang (6,53%), melompat (5,70%), dan berjalan (4,58%). Daya makan maksimum burung predator Lanius sp. terhadap S. coriacea nimfa muda sebanyak 10,4 ekor/71,4 menit, nimfa tua 5,4 ekor/53,7 menit, imago jantan 2,4 ekor/95,1 menit, dan imago betina 2,4 ekor/102 menit. Burung predator ini secara signifikan lebih memilih stadia nimfa dibandingkan imago belalang S. coriacea; proporsi nimfa muda, nimfa tua, imago jantan, dan imago betina yang dimangsa berturut-turut yaitu 50%, 41%, 5%, dan 4%. Respon fungsional Lanius sp. terhadap keempat stadia S. coriacea mengikuti respon fungsional Holling tipe II.

The potency of predatory bird Lanius sp. as a biological control agent of Sexava coriacea Linnaeus (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae) had studied in Dumagin Village, East Pinolosian Sub District, South Bolaang Mongondow District, North Sulawesi Province during September to December 2009. Ten predatory-birds at 1 to 1.2 years old were obtained from bird merchants in Yogyakarta. After health examination and fulfil quarantine procedure the birds were brought to the research site by aircraft for one day, then followed by car for one day. The study was done under natural physic-condition in cages. The predatory birds were previously acclimated for three days to switch prey type from cricket to S. coriacea. The stages of S. coriacea i.e. young nymph, old nymph, male adult, and female adult were obtained from local coconut-palm-estate and used for prey of the predator. The study comprised of daily activities, feeding rate, prey preference, and functional response of the bird against S. coriacea. Result showed that the Lanius sp. was promising as a candidate biological control agent against S. coriacea. The Lanius sp. was a diurnal bird; the daily activities were dominated by hunting and preying (16.52%), followed by flying (6.53%), jumping (5.70%), and walking (4.58%). Maximum feeding rate of the bird against young nymph, old nymph, male, and female adult of S. coriacea were 10.4 individuals/71.4 minute, 5.4 individuals/53.7 minute, 2.4 individuals/95.1 minute, and 2,4 individuals/102 minute, respectively. The predator bird significantly preferred more nymphs of S. coriacea than those of old nymphs at which the proportion of feeding rate for young nymphs, old nymphs, male, and female adults were 50, 41, 5, and 4%, respectively. The functional response of the predatory bird against fourth stages of S. coriacea fitted with functional response type II of Holling.

Kata Kunci : Lanius sp,Sexava coriacea,Pengendalian hayati,Kelapa,Lanius sp.,Sexava coriacea,biological control,coconut palm