Analisis dimensi dan geometri kolam turbin propeller open flume

LEMAUK, John, Dr. Ir. Viktor Malau, DEA

2010 | Tesis | S2 Magister Sistem Teknik

Kolam turbin memegang peranan penting untuk instalasi pembangkit tenaga air dengan turbin Propeller open flume oleh karena itu diperlukan penelitian yang lebih mendalam mengenai kolam turbin, salah satunya penelitian tentang dimensi dan geometri dari kolam turbin. Pembuatan kolam turbin berbentuk silinder dan kotak dilaksanakan di Bengkel Kerja Bangku SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta, dan Bengkel Kerja Pelat, dusun Karsuli, Srimulyo, Bantul Pengujian kolam turbin berbentuk silinder dan kotak dilakukan di Laboratorium Hidraulika dan Bangunan Air Program Diploma Teknik Sipil UGM. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2009 sampai bulan September 2009. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan melakukan pengujian 2 jenis kolam turbin yang berbeda yaitu kolam turbin berbentuk silinder dan kotak. Setiap jenis kolam turbin diuji untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara dimensi kolam turbin dengan efisiensi sistem PLTMH. Setiap bentuk kolam turbin diuji untuk 3 dimensi yang berbeda baik untuk kolam turbin berbentuk silinder maupun kotak. Selama pengujian variabel head total (Htotal) dan letak turbin (Hs) dijaga konstan. Parameter yang akan diteliti dari penelitian ini adalah: head total turbin (Htotal), head efektif turbin (Hef), debit operasi (Q), letak turbin terhadap muka air bawah (Hs), daya output turbin-generator (Pout), diameter kolam turbin (Dk), sisi alas kolam turbin kotak (Sk) dan luas penampang kolam turbin (Akt), dan efisiensi total (ηtotal). Hasil pengujian kolam turbin silinder, yaitu daya ouput akan bertambah naik dengan bertambahnya diameter alas kolam turbin. Daya output sistem sebesar 68 Watt ketika diameter alas kolam turbin sebesar 0,36 m, dan efisiensi sistem paling besar ketika sistem menggunakan kolam turbin silinder berdiameter 0,72 m yaitu sebesar 0,37. Efisiensi sistem menurun ketika diameter alas kolam turbin berkurang. Untuk kolam turbin kotak, daya output sistem sebesar 70 Watt ketika sisi alas kolam turbin sebesar 0,40 m dan efisiensi sistem paling besar ketika sistem menggunakan kolam turbin kotak yang mempunyai sisi alas kolam turbin 0,72 m yaitu sebesar 0,38. Daya output sistem dipengaruhi oleh efisiensi sistem. Efisiensi sistem berhubungan dengan perubahan geometri atau tekanan, salah satunya perubahan dimensi alas kolam turbin

Turbine basin plays an important role for the micro hydro power installation using Propeller Open Flume turbine. Therefore, it is essential to have further research on turbine basin. One of them is the research on the dimension and geometry of turbin basin. A cylinder and a cube turbine basin are made in Bengkel Kerja Bangku SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta, and Bengkel Kerja Pelat, in Karsuli village, Srimulyo, Bantul. The testing on both the cylinder and cube turbine basins is conducted in Laboratorium Hidraulika dan Bangunan Air Program Diploma Teknik Sipil UGM. The research is carried out from July until September 2009. The research data is obtained by conducting tests on 2 different kinds of turbine basins, they are the cylinder and cube turbine basins. Each turbine basin is tested to get the relationship between the turbine basin dimension and the micro hydro power system efficiency. Not only the cylinder turbine basin but also the cube turbine basin are tested in 3 different dimensions. During the tests, the total head variable (Htotal) and the turbine position (Hs) are kept constant. The parameter which are going to be investigated in this research are: total head turbine (Htotal), effective head turbine (Hef), operation discharge (Q), turbine position toward below water surface (Hs), output power of the generator-turbine (Pout), turbine basin diameter (Dkt), the cube turbine basin base surface (Sk) and the width of the turbine basin tray (Akt), and the total efficiency (ηtotal). The test result on the cylinder turbine basin is that the output power will increase if the turbine basin base surface diameter is increased as well. The system output power will be 68 Watt if the turbine basin base surface diameter is 0,36 m, while the biggest system efficiency is when the system uses a cylinder turbine basin with a diameter of 0,72 m that is 0,37. The system efficiency will decline if the turbine basin base surface diameter decreases. For the cube turbine basin, the system output power will be 70 Watt if the turbine basin base surface is 0,40 m, while the biggest system efficiency is when the system uses a cube turbine basin with the turbine basin base surface diameter of 0,72 m that is 0,38. The system output power is affected by the system efficiency. System efficiency is related with the geometry or pressure changes, one of them is the change of the turbine basin dimension.

Kata Kunci : Turbine basin,Propeller open flume turbine,Cylinder,Cube ; Kolam turbin, Turbin Propeller open flume, silinder, kotak