Sistem pakar untuk penentuan kebutaan warna dengan test Ishihara

MURTI, Hari, Drs. Retantyo Wardoyo, M.Sc., Ph.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Komputer

Pelaksanaan test gangguan penglihatan terhadap warna sampai saat ini masih menggunakan buku test Ishihara, alat test Ishihara diakui dan digunakan secara internasional karena mudah digunakan, membutuhkan waktu yang cepat dalam pelaksanaan testnya. hasil test mudah dianalisa, biaya murah dan hasil yang akurat. Selain kelebihan-kelebihan tersebut alat test Ishihara memiliki kekurang an-kekurangan yaitu harga buku test sangat mahal dan pemeliharaan buku test yang sulit dan harus hati-hati agar tidak mudah rusak, kusam atau pudar warnanya karena lama disimpan, terkena cahaya. Dalam era komputerisasi dirancang sistem pakar kebutaan warna. Sistem dirancang dengan kemunculan soal secara random tetapi sistem tetap berpedoman pada buku test Ishihara, antara lain disediakan waktu 3 detik untuk membaca plat, setting warna dan cahaya yang baku, kombinasi warna dan angka/simbol tidak dapat ganti-ganti. Sehingga sistem pakar kebutaan warna akan memberikan hasil yang akurat karena jawaban tidak bisa dihafalkan. Sistem pakar kebutaan warna dirancang dengan berpedoman pada alat test Ishihara edisi 2009 yang berisi 38 plat. Sistem pakar menyediakan fasilitas pemutakhiran basis pengetahuan sehingga pakar dapat melakukan penambahan pengetahuan secara terus menerus, menambah plat soal baru disesuaikan dengan penyempurnaan buku/alat test Ishihara edisi baru. Hasil akhir dari test dengan menggunakan sistem pakar ini adalah seseorang dinyatakan normal atau menderita buta warna total atau menderita gangguan penglihatan merah hijau (protan ringan, protan parah, deutan ringan, deutan parah), serta diketahui derajat/tingkat kepastian dari gangguan penglihatan seseorang.

Nowadays, the colour deficiency test for people is still carried out by referring to Ishihara test book. This tool is widely admitted and used internationally for the following reasons. This book is really easy to use, it requires less time to use. The result is be easily analyzed, the cost is very low as well as it gives valid outcome. Besides the advantages of this book, it however, has some weakness such as the book is expensive, the maintenance for this book is not an easy thing to do. In other words, the users must be really careful to keep it well, because of the light and being kept in a long period of time make the colour in every page of this book unclear. In this digital era, it is important to design an expert system for colour deficiency, in which the test item may be given/ retrieved randomly but the system is remain referring to the test book of Ishihara. This can be done by providing three seconds to read the materials, the colour setting, and proportional light , combination of colour and number. Symbols, however, can not be changed. Hence, this expert system for colour deficiency results accurate outcome since the answer can not be memorized. Expert system for colour deficiency is designed based on to the Ishihara’s Test for Colour deficiency of the 2009 edition which consists of 38 plats. This system also provides updating facility knowledge base so that the experts may improve their knowledge / reference continuously, adding plat (material) of new test items adapted to the new edition of Ishihara test book. Finally, the result of this test using the expert system is a person is classified as normal person, person of having permanent colour deficiency or person who suffered from red-green deficiency which may be of two types : a protan type ( protonopia/protan strong and protanomalia/protan mild) and a deutan type (deutanopia/deutan strong and deuteranomalia/deutan mild) and it is also foud the level of the colour deficiency of certain person.

Kata Kunci : Sistem pakar,Buta warna,Test Ishihara ; Expert System, colour dificiency, Ishihara test