Pengaruh temperatur dan starvasi pada induksi perkembangan sporofitik mikrospora anggrek dendrobium hibrida

YUNAINI, Alief, Dr. rer. nat. Ari Indrianto, S.U

2009 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Perkembangan normal gametofitik mikrospora secara in vitro dapat diubah ke arah sporofitik. Proses ini dikenal dengan embriogenesis mikrospora.Induksi embriogenik mikrospora 5 jenis dendrobium hibrida dapat dilakukan dengan praperlakuan stres temperatur dan starvasi. Stres diperlukan untuk mengubah perkembangan gametofitik kearah sporofitik untuk membentuk embrio. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur dan starvasi terhadap perkembangan sporofitik mikrospora dendrobium hibrida.Bahan yang digunakan adalah kuncup bunga dari 5 jenis anggrek Dendrobium. Penentuan stadium perkembangan mikrospora dilakukan untuk memperoleh populasi mikrospora uninukleat yang selanjutnya dikulturkan secara aseptik di dalam medium starvasi (medium B) pada temperatur 33oC selama 2;4;6 hari. Persentase mikrospora viabel hasil praperlakuan stres dihitung dengan cara diamati dibawah mikroskop inverted. Setelah praperlakuan stres, mikrospora diisolasi dan dikulturkan dalam medium embriogenesis AO4, setelah 14 hari dihitung persentase mikrospora multinukleat. Pada penelitian ini, praperlakuan stres selama 2 hari mampu menginduksi mikrospora embriogenik pada masing-masing jenis adalah Burana Jide (38.45%),Kim Lumpink (39.42%), Tangrangcay Puresgold (44.80%), Caisire x Coperquenn (46.03%) dan Dendrobium Sonia (51.98%). Setelah praperlakuan stres selama 4 hari dan dikultur selama 14 hari pada medium AO4, maka diperoleh hasil optimum dengan persentase terbentuknya proembrio pada Burana Jide (5.25%),Kim Lumpink (2.98%), Tangrangcay Puresgold (3.07%), Caisire x Coperquenn (3.50%) dan Dendrobium Sonia (5.06%).

Normal development of gametophytic microspore in vitro can be changed into sporophytic route. This process is known as embryogenesis microspore.Embryogenesis microspore of 5 dendrobium hybrid can be induced by temperature and starvation stresses. The stresses are needed to change gametophytic development into sporophytic development to obtain embryo. The objective of research was to understand effect of temperature and starvation on sporophytic microspore development of dendrobium hybrid.Materials used in this research were flower buds of 5 Dendrobium hybrid.Microspore development stage was determined to obtain uninucleate microspore population which was then cultured aseptically in starvation medium (B medium) at 33oC for 2;4;6 days. Percentages of viable microspores as result of stress treatment were calculated by observation under inverted microscope. After stress pretreatment, this microspores were isolated and cultured in AO4 medium and after 14 days, percentages of multiple nucleate were calculated.In this research, stress pretreatment for 2 days could induce embryonic microspore of each species : these were Burana Jide (38.45%), Kim Lumpink (39.42%), Tangrangcay Puresgold (44.80%), Caisire x Coperquenn (46.03%) dan Dendrobium Sonia (51.98%). After stress pretreatment for 4 days and measuring AO4 medium for 14 days, so optimal result were obtained with percentages of embryonic formation in Burana Jide (5.25%), Kim Lumpink (2.98%),Tangrangcay Puresgold (3.07%), Caisire x Coperquenn (3.50%) and Dendrobium Sonia (5.06%).

Kata Kunci : Embriogenesis mikrospora,Dendrobium hibrida