Buruh Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok 1891-1950

RAZIF, Prof. Dr. Djoko Suryo

2009 | Tesis | S2 Sejarah

Tujuan studi ini untuk mengkontruksi sistem kerja buruh pelabuhan Tanjung Priok. Buruh pelabuhan direkrut oleh mandor dan melakukan registrasi di pasar tenaga kerja pelabuhan. Sistem kerja ini membentuk budaya kerja dikalangan buruh pelabuhan. Rentang waktu pembahasan studi dari tahun 1891 hingga 1950. Tahun 1891 mulai bekerjanya buruh-buruh pelabuhan dan tahun 1950 sebagai awal pemogokan dan buruh pelabuhan terlibat dalam organisasi serikat buruh. Studi ini menggunakan teori proses kerja agar dapat memahami sistem kerja buruh pelabuhan. Sistem kerja buruh pelabuhan berkaitan dengan organisasi kerja mereka. Mereka tidak bekerja secara langsung dengan perusahaan di pelabuhan tetapi melalui perantara mandor. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk penelitian ini menelusuri arsip dan suratkabar yang keduanya telah memotret sejarah sistem kerja buruh pelabuhan. Terdapat tiga penemuan dalam studi ini. Pertama, buruhburuh pelabuhan Priok jarang melakukan pemogokan. Akan tetapi, absennya pemogokan tidak berarti tanpa ada perlawanan. Perlawanan yang mereka lakukan adalah tidak hadir ke tempat pekerjaan membuat barang-barang menjadi bertumpuk di pelabuhan. Kedua, buruh pelabuhan melakukan pencurian kecilkecilan (kleine diefstallen) untuk dikonsumsi sendiri atau untuk keluarga. Pencurian kecil-kecilan ini sebagai tambahan upah mereka. Ketiga, berdirinya serikat buruh setelah revolusi kemerdekaan memperlemah peran mandor terhadap buruh pelabuhan. Meskipun demikian, pekerjaan buruh pelabuhan dengan mempergunakan sistem anneemer, perekrutan, pemberian sesuatu kepada mandor agar mendapatkan pekerjaan kembali tetap berlangsung di pelabuhan Priok. Studi ini memberikan dua sumbangan kepada studi Indonesia. Pertama, memperkaya pemahaman sejarah sistem kerja buruh pelabuhan. Seperti kita ketahui pembahasan mengenai sejarah sistem kerja industrial di Indonesia sangat sedikit. Kedua, konsep buruh pelabuhan dibatasi pada kelompok-kelompok yang terlibat secara langsung dalam pemindahan barang-barang di kapal. Oleh karenanya buruh pelabuhan hidup dan bekerja bukan di dalam kebudayaan yang terisolasi

The aim of this study is constructed history working system dockworkers in the port Tanjung Priok. Workers were recruited by foreman and they were registration in the port labour market. This system are formed the occupational cultures of dockers in the waterfront. The time span chosen is 1891-1950. It was in 1891 that dockworkers were begun working in the port Priok. It was in 1950 that workers were involved in strikes and they were joined in trade union members. This study is utilized labour process theory in order to realized the working system of dockworkers. The working system of workers are related to their industrial organizations. Their were not employed directly by the shipping companies but indirectly through mandor (foreman). Also, this study is applied methods tracing archieves and read the several newspapers, which of both had taken picture the history working system of dockworkers. There are three finding significants in this study. First, workers in the port Priok had rather strikes. However, dockworkers were launched protest through they were not attending in the workplace cause that cargoes hoarded in the quay. Secondly, workers regarded pilfering goods from ship, hangar and warehouse in the port. The Dockworkers regarded stealing goods as additional their wages. Thirdly, trade union was established after the Indonesian revolution, their had weaken role mandor of dockworkers. However, working condition of workers after the revolution in the port still were used the annemer system. It means workers were recruited and their working in the workplace were still persistent supervisor by mandor. This study is given two contributions for the study Indonesia. Firstly, enrich to conceive the history of working system of dockworkers. As we know discussion on history of working system industrial in Indonesia is scarcely. Secondly, the concept of dockworker is largely restricted to those groups involved directly in the transfer of goods on the ships. Due to workers were working and living in the waterfront had been not isolated cultures.

Kata Kunci : Buruh,Pelabuhan,Hubungan kerja,Pergerakan sosial, Workers –Waterfront-Labour Relation-Social Movement